妊娠期高血压的发病特点及危险因素分析

目的 分析妊娠期高血压的发病特点及危险因素，为制定相应的治疗与预防措施提供参考依据。方法 选择我院2018年7月~2019年7月收治的200例孕妇作为研究对象，根据血压水平分为正常组（181例）及妊娠期高血压组（19例），收集两组孕妇年龄、孕次、孕周、肝功能、心功能、高血压史及合并症等临床资料，分析妊娠期高血压的发病特点及危险因素。结果 200例孕妇中19例为妊娠期高血压，发生率9.50%。妊娠期高血压组收缩压与舒张压均高于正常组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；单因素分析显示，年龄≥34岁、无产前检查、家庭住址在农村、既往有高血压史、多胎妊娠、合并有慢性肾炎的妊娠期高压疾病发生风险更高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；多因素分析显示，年龄≥34岁、无产前检查、家庭住址在农村、既往有高血压史、多胎妊娠、合并有慢性肾炎均属于妊娠期高血压的主要危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 妊娠期高血压发生率较高，其主要受到年龄、生活环境、既往疾病、合并症及多胎妊娠等因素影响，临床应及时明确妊娠期高血压疾病的危险因素，并针对性的制定治疗与预防措施，对分娩结局及预后的改善有积极意义。

Analysis of the Characteristics and Risk Factors of Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy

Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, and to provide reference for the development of corresponding treatment and preventive measures. Methods A total of 200 pregnant women admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were selected as subjects. According to the blood pressure level, they were divided into normal group (181 cases) and gestational hypertension group (19 cases). The ages of the two groups were collected. Clinical data such as pregnancy, gestational age, liver function, cardiac function, hypertension history and comorbidities were analyzed to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of gestational hypertension.Results Of the 200 pregnant women, 19 were gestational hypertension, with an incidence of 9.50%. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the hypertensive group were higher than those in the normal group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age ≥34 years, no prenatal examination, family address in rural areas, previous history of hypertension, multiple pregnancy, and risk of hypertensive disease in pregnancy with chronic nephritis higher, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); multivariate analysis showed that age ≥34 years, no prenatal examination, family address in rural areas, previous history of hypertension, multiple pregnancy, combined with chronic nephritis belonged to pregnancy the main risk factors for hypertension (P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of hypertension in pregnancy is high. It is mainly affected by factors such as age, living environment, past diseases, comorbidities and multiple pregnancy. The clinical risk factors of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy should be determined in time, and the treatment should be targeted. Preventive measures have positive implications for the outcome of delivery and the improvement of prognosis.