原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的临床病理特征及其诊断和治疗。方法 回顾分析经病理证实的47例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的临床表现、病理类型、诊断和治疗手段。结果 病理类型为腺癌42例、平滑肌肉瘤4例、类癌1例；好发部位为降段(35例)，尤其是乳头区(28例)。常见临床表现依次为上腹疼痛、黄疸、消化道出血、肠梗阻、体重减轻。诊断手段为纤维胃十二指肠内镜、胃肠钡餐、逆行性胆胰管造影(ERCP)、B超及CT检查。本组行胰十二指肠切除术25例和姑息性手术20例。手术死亡率2．2％(1／45)，术后并发症20．0％(9／45)。胰十二指肠切除术对Ⅰ-Ⅲ期腺癌治疗效果好，3，5年生存率分别达50．0％和31．8％，姑息性手术无获得长期生存者。结论 原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤以腺癌为主，早期临床表现无特异性，主要依据B超、CT和ERCP诊断，对无远处转移的肿瘤应积极争取根治性胰十二指肠切除。晚期肿瘤可行姑息性手术。

Diagnosis and treatment of primary duodenal malignant tumors

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary duodenal malignant tumors (PDMTs). Methods The clinical data of 47 PDMTs confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Results Pathological types were adenocarcinoma in 42 cases, leiomyosarcoma in 4, and carcinoid in 1.The most common location of the tumor was the descending portion (35), especially the peri-papillary region (28) of the duodenum. The most common symptoms and signs were abdominal pain, jaundice, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, obstruction ,and weight loss. The main diagnostic modalities were gastroduodenoscopy, GI barium meal, ERCP, ultrasound (US) and CT. US together with ERCP was the most useful in improving the diagnosis of peripapilla tumors in the duodenum. Panceraticoduodenectomy and some palliative procedures were performed for 25 and 20 cases, respectively.Surgical mortality and postoperative morbidity were 2.2% (1/45) and 20% (9/45),retrospectively. The 3-year and 5-year survival for those adenocarcinoma without distant metastasis undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were 50% and 32%. No long survival was found after the palliative operation. Conclusions Adenocarcinoma is the most common pathological type of PDMTs.No specific symptoms were shown in the early stage of PDMTs, US, CT and ERCP are the main diagnostic procedures. Radical pancraticoduodenectomy can prolong survival time and should be attempted for those without systemic dissemination.Palliative operations should be considered for tumors in advanced stage.