河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内达乌尔黄鼠寄生蚤的研究

目的　了解河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内达乌尔黄鼠寄生蚤的种类、构成、季节消长。方法　收集活体达乌尔黄鼠及其窝巢 ,置熏鼠桶用乙醚或汽油将鼠、蚤一并熏死 ,捡蚤 ;鼠洞用法兰绒探蚤棒每洞探 3次 ,收集探到的蚤。直接在显微镜下鉴定或制成玻片标本鉴定。结果　共发现寄生蚤 3科 9属 14种 ,方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为优势种 ,其次为光亮额蚤、二齿新蚤。染蚤率、蚤指数年度间有较大差异 ,无明显规律。体、巢、洞干的染蚤率、蚤指数在鼠间鼠疫流行的前一年均较高。巢蚤的染蚤率 7月份为最高 ,蚤指数以 5月份为最高 ;体蚤、洞干蚤的染蚤率、蚤指数均以 4、5月份为最高。结论　查清了河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内达乌尔黄鼠寄生蚤的种类、构成、季节消长 ,为今后进一步研究河北省的鼠疫自然疫源地及动物间鼠疫流行因素 ,提供了科学依据。

Study on Parasitical Fleas of Citellus Dauricus in Plague Natural Foci of Hebei Province

Objective To understand the species,composition and seasonal fluctuation of parasitical fleas of Citellus dauricus in Hebei plague natural foci. Methods To collect fleas from living Citellus dauricus and its nest from 1971 to 2001. The rats and nests were placed in the fuming-mouse tank. The rats and fleas were fumed to death in aether or petrol,and then the fleas were collected. Every hole of Citellus dauricus was prospected three times with wrapping-flannel rubber stick for gathering parasitical fleas. Then the fleas were identified. Results 14 species of 9 genera of 3 families of parasitical fleas were recognized from Citellus dauricus .The Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus was dominant species of the parasitical fleas,and then Frontopsylla luculenta and Neopsylla bidentatiformis. The rates of infecting fleas and the flae indices were very different each year,and without obvious regulation. But they were higher in last year of prevalent of rodent plague. The rates of infecting nest fleas was highest in July,and flea indices have a peak in May. The highest infecting flea rates and flea indices of body fleas and hole fleas were found in April and May. Conclusion It is made clear that the species,composition and seasonal fluctuation of parasitical fleas of Citellus dauricus in Hebei plague natural foci. It provide scientific basis for further studying the prevalence factors of rodent plague and plague natural foci in Hebei province.