经椎弓根钉板内固定治疗上颈椎疾患的个性化设计及临床应用(英文)

背景:上颈椎疾患从后路行椎弓根固定在国内个别大型医院虽已相继开展,但该手术仍为颈椎外科高难度手术.为了将手术风险降至最低,作者设计了一套个体化手术方案,并结合自行研制的椎弓根定位导向器行术中精确定位置钉,经检索相关数据库在国内未见报道.目的:提高内固定置钉的一次成功率及植入体的生物力学效应,利用辅助检查资料为寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉的置钉制定简单、实用的个性化方案.方法:选择2002-01/2006-09解放军第二五一医院骨科患者31例.术中采用自制的寰枢椎定位导向器,根据寰枢椎椎弓根X射线-CT个体化测量的结果,确定进钉点、入钉的角度,选择直径及长度合适的椎弓根螺钉置入.寰椎椎弓根进钉点:左侧(19.93±1.32)mm,右侧(19.16±1.30)mm,寰椎椎弓根向内侧进钉角度:左侧(23.72±2.09)°,右侧(23.35±1.91)°,寰椎向头侧进钉角度(9.00±1.20).枢椎椎弓根进钉点:左侧(13.14±0.82)mm,右侧(13.85±0.79)mm.枢椎椎弓根向内侧进钉角度:左侧(24.52±1.26)°,右侧(20.42±1.42)°,枢椎向头侧进钉角度(25.00±3.00)°.结果与结论:①31例患者置入124枚椎弓根螺钉,1次置钉成功122枚螺钉,正确率为98.39%,有2枚因内倾角偏差不够,穿破椎弓根的外侧骨皮质而改为2次定位.②2例术后出现枕大神经痛,经对症治疗1个月后痊愈,2例螺钉穿破寰椎左侧椎弓根外侧壁,未发现脊髓、椎动脉损伤.③所有患者X射线平片显示寰椎完全复位,枢椎齿状突骨折处对位良好.CT片示螺钉与椎动脉的脊髓位置关系良好.④平均随访10.5个月,均获得骨性融合,未发现钉板断裂材料反应.无炎症、排异等宿主反应.⑤按JOA评分标准,优16例,良12例,可2例,差1例,优良率90%.提示从生物力学角度实施植入体置入,可提高寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉的置入成功率.

Individual protocol and clinical application of pedicle screw and plate internal fixation for the treatment of upper cervical disorders

BACKGROUND: The treatment of upper cervical spine disorders through a posterior pedicle fixation approach have been carried out in some domestic large hospitals, but this surgery is still considered as a difficulty of cervical spine surgery. In order to minimize the risk of surgery, the authors designed a program of individual operations, and combined with self-developed pedicle locating and directing speculum to determine precise intraoperative position of pedicle screws, and no report is found by searchin...