卒中后4周内便秘的发生、危险因素及其对预后的影响

背景便秘是脑卒中后常见的并发症之一,国外调查显示卒中后便秘的发生率为30%～60%,结果存在较大的差异主要原因是由于观察时点和所采用的便秘诊断标准不同;而国内对脑卒中患者便秘的研究多集中在中医药治疗效果的观察方面,且研究人群通常包括既往存在便秘的患者,无法确切的分析卒中后便秘的发生情况及其对患者预后的关系.为此,本研究通过调查卒中后4周内便秘的发生情况,分析影响卒中后便秘发生的主要因素,并探讨其对脑卒中患者预后的影响,为临床治疗护理提供依据.方法采用前瞻性调查研究的方法,共收集154例脑卒中发病7 d以内的首发脑卒中患者,以罗马Ⅱ标准评定卒中后4周内便秘的发生情况,记录包括各种危险因素在内的病史、体征以及12周内的复发或死亡病例.发病1、4周均用NIHSS行神经功能评定,用BI和MRS行日常生活能力评定,并于12周时再次测评BI、MRS.所有数据均使用SPSS 10.0进行处理;用Kaplan-Meier法分析卒中后便秘的发生情况,Cox回归确定卒中后便秘发生的影响因素,便秘组与非便秘组患者4周及12周预后不良率之间的比较用χ2检验,P＜0.05表示差异有统计学意义.结果卒中后4周累积便秘发生率为55.31%,便秘的发生风险以7天内为最高,7天后呈下降趋势,半数患者在卒中后11天发生便秘.利用Cox模型对患者的基本特征、疾病情况及卒中后进食方式等与脑卒中患者便秘发生的关系进行了分析,结果显示发病1周时的BI和排便环境改变是影响卒中后便秘发生的危险因素日常生活能力越低的患者,卒中后便秘发生的危险性越高,有排便环境改变的患者较无改变的患者发生便秘的危险高;与非便秘组比较,中度脑卒中便秘组患者卒中发病第4周及第12周预后不良率明显增高(P＜0.01;P=0.012).结论住院脑卒中患者便秘发生率较高,日常生活能力状态较低且排便隐蔽环境改变者易发生便秘;卒中后便秘对部分脑卒中患者的预后有不良影响.临床工作中应关注脑卒中患者肠道功能的改变,预防便秘的发生,这可能提高部分脑卒中患者临床治疗及护理效果,促进病人康复,从而改善患者的预后.

New-onset constipation after stroke: incidence, risk factors and impact on the prognosis of stroke

Background Constipation is a common complication after stroke, and the results investigated overseas showed the incidence was about 30% ～60%. The difference of results is so significant because the time investigated and the diagnosis criterion used are different. There are less relative report about risk factors of constipation and no report about the impact of constipation on pragnosis. The study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors of new-onset constipation after stroke in the patients with acute stroke and to evaluate the impact of new-onset constipation occurrence on the prognosis in the patients.Methods A prospective cohort study of new-onset constipation was performed to investigate 154 cases of acute stroke patients who were hospitalized from December 2003 to October 2004 in the department of neurology, the first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. We recorded the demographics, medical history,stroke severity and medication used. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI)and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) were evaluated in the 1st week and 4th week after stroke to evaluate the neurological function and ability of an independent life. BI and MRS were recorded at the 12th week after stroke.Patients were then followed for the development of stroke, the event such as recurrence or death. Constipation was defined by Rome Ⅱ criteria.Results The incidence of new-onset constipation after stroke within 4 weeks was 55. 31%, and the highest risk was within seven days after onset of stroke. Cox regression showed that the incidence of constipation occurrence was strongly related to neurological functional status of patients in the 1st week assessed by BI and the transform of surrounding for defecation. In the 4th week and 12th week after stroke, the rates of poor prognosis in patients with constipation in middling state were both higher than patients without constipation, and the difference was statistically significant respectively(P ＜ 0. 01 ;P = 0. 012).Conclusions The new-onset constipation occurrence in acute stroke is very common and its main risk factor is functional status assessed by Barthel Index at the 1st week after onset and the transform of surrounding for defecation. The results indicate that the new-onset constipation occurrence after stroke has negative effects on the outcome of partial stroke patients.