Prevalence of the fourth heart sound by phonocardiography in the absence of cardiac disease |
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| Authors: | D H Spodick V M Quarry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cardiology Division, Lemuel Shattuck Hospital Boston, Mass., USA;2. the Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Mass., USA |
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| Abstract: | A blinded, prospective study of phonocardiograms revealed a fourth heart sound (S4) in 181 of 245 consecutively examined ambulatory subjects in sinus rhythm aged 50 to 80 years whose clinical status was unknown until all graphic studies were tabulated. An S4 was demonstrated in 113 (73.1 per cent) of 152 individuals with and 68 (74.3 per cent) of 93 individuals without evidence of cardiovascular disease, statistically an equal prevalence. S4 in older persons appears to be “normal” phenomenon. |
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| Keywords: | Reprint requests to: D. H. Spodick M.D. Lemuel Shattuck Hospital 170 Morton St. Boston Mass. 02130. |
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