C形臂X线投影图像3D建模及其应用

C形臂X线投影图像3D建模是指以C形臂获取的X线2D投影图像为基础,实现骨骼3D模型的术中重建。与单纯的2D切片图像或投影图像相比,3D重建模型不仅含有更为丰富的骨骼外部形状等解剖结构信息,而且还可包含骨密度及强度等骨骼内部多元有用信息。该技术在骨组织活检、椎弓根螺钉植入、髓内钉固定、及手足骨折修复等手术方面具有广阔的应用前景。对C形臂X线投影图像3D建模技术的研究意义、现状及现存问题进行介绍。在此基础上,分析了该技术所涉及的主要研究内容,提出了可分别沿两条主线研究基于普通C形臂2D投影图像的人体骨骼3D解剖模型构建:一、以C形臂按指定角度间隔获取的密集2D投影图像为基础,采用有限角锥束X射线投影合成方法进行3D重建;二、以C形臂在正位、侧位等姿态下获取的少量2D投影图像为基础,采用基于统计可变模型的非刚性配准方法进行3D重建。对每条主线都提出了对应的解决方案。

3D Modeling Based on C-arm X-ray Projection Images and Its Application

3D Modeling based on C-arm X-ray projection images refers to reconstructing three-dimensional bone models on the basis of two-dimensional projection images acquired with a mobile C-arm X-ray machine.Compared with mere 2D slice images or 2D projection images,3D reconstructed model contains not only more abundant information on anatomy of the external shape of the bone,but also more useful information within the bone,bone density and bone strength,to name a few.This technique could find its application in orthopaedic biopsy,pedicle screw insertion,intramedullary pin insertion,hand and foot bone fracture reparation.The current state of the research of 3D modeling based on C-arm X-ray projection images is described in the aspects of the significance,researching situation,and major technical obstacles.On this basis,main key points retaining to the technique are analyzed,two main lines of research are presented,along which 2D projection images acquired with a common C-arm could be used to construct human skeleton anatomical 3D model.The first one：based on intensive 2D projection images acquired at specified C-arm angle interval,reconstructing 3D model with the finite angular cone beamX-ray projection method.The second one：based on a small amount of 2D projection images acquired with a C-arm and a statistical variable model,reconstructing 3D model with the non-rigid registration method.Corresponding solutions are given for each main line.