长期潜水活动对海军职业潜水员心理状态的影响

目 的 对海军职业潜水员心理状态进行调查与分析,探讨长期潜水活动对其心理状态的影响。方 法 采用整群抽样的方法,对170名海军职业潜水员和155名的一般生活应激因素自我评估、职业倦怠、状态特质焦虑、应对方式、心理弹性等心理状态进行对照研究,并比较舰船环境和岸基环境中潜水员心理状态的差异,以及每种环境中潜水员与非潜水员心理状态的差异。结 果 潜水员的一般应激因素自我评估(p<0.01)显著低于非潜水员;状态焦虑和特质焦虑高于非潜水员,状态焦虑达到显著水平(p<0.05);心理弹性三个维度均显著高于非潜水员(均p<0.001)。舰船潜水员的一般应激因素自我评估、职业倦怠、状态和特质焦虑均显著高于岸基潜水员(均p<0.05)。在舰船环境中,潜水员的职业倦怠高于非潜水员,接近显著水平(p=0.060),状态和特质焦虑显著高于非潜水员(均p<0.001),潜水员的积极应对显著低于非潜水员(p=0.002)。在岸基环境中,潜水员的一般应激因素自我评估、职业倦怠、特质焦虑均低于非潜水员(均p<0.05)。在两种环境中,潜水员在心理弹性的三个维度上均显著高于非潜水员(均p<0.001)。结论 岸基环境中潜水员的心理状态比非潜水员好,但是在舰船各种不利因素的综合影响下,长期潜水活动会对舰船环境中潜水员的心理状态造成不利影响,导致其心理状态差于舰船环境中的非潜水员和岸基环境中的潜水员。另外,潜水员的心理弹性优于非潜水员。

Influence of long-term diving on the psychological state of navy professional divers.

Objective To investigate and analyze the psychological state of naval professional divers and to explore the influence of long-term diving on their psychological state. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to compare the psychological states of 170 navy professional divers and 155 non-divers, such as self-assessment of general life stress factors, job burnout, state-trait anxiety, coping style and psychological resilience. Compare the differences of divers" psychological states in ship environment and shore-based environment, and the difference of psychological state between divers and non-divers in each environment. Results The self-assessment of general stress factors of divers was significantly lower than that of non-divers (p < 0.01); the state anxiety and trait anxiety were higher than those of non-divers, and the former reached a significant level (p < 0.05); the three dimensions of psychological elasticity were significantly higher than those of non-divers (all p < 0.001). The self-assessment of general stress factors, job burnout, state and trait anxiety of ship divers were significantly higher than those of shore-based divers (all p < 0.05). In the ship environment, divers" job burnout was higher than that of non-divers, close to the significant level (p = 0.060), the state and trait anxiety of divers were significantly higher than that of non-divers (all p < 0.001), and divers" positive coping was significantly lower than that of non-divers (p = 0.002). In the shore-based environment, divers" self-assessment of general stress factors, job burnout and trait anxiety were significantly lower than those of non-divers (all p < 0.05). In both environments, the psychological resilience of divers was significantly higher than non-divers (all p < 0.001). Conclusion The psychological state of divers in shore-based environment is better than that of non-divers in the same environment. However, under the influence of various adverse factors in ships, long-term diving will adversely influence psychological state of divers in ship environment, resulting in their psychological state worse than that of non-divers in ship environment and divers in shore based environment. In addition, the psychological resilience of divers is better than that of non-divers.