Laser ionization mass spectrometry in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
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Authors: | Saraswathy Seema Manu Krishnan Arun K. Harith Kavita Sahai Satish R. Iyer Vimal Arora Rajendra P. Tripathi |
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Affiliation: | 1. Army Base Hospital, School of Medicine & Paramedical Health Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Government of Delhi, , Delhi, India;2. Department of Dental Research & Implantology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, , Timarpur, Delhi, India;3. Department of Pathology & Biochemistry, Army Base Hospital, , Delhi Cantt, Delhi, India;4. ’L’ Block, Integrated Head Quarters of Ministry of Defence (Army), Directorate General Dental Services (DGDS), , New Delhi, India;5. Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, , Timarpur, Delhi, India |
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Abstract: | Biomarker research in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) aims for screening/early diagnosis and in predicting its recurrence, metastasis and overall prognosis. This article reviews the current molecular perspectives and diagnosis of oral cancer with proteomics using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and surface‐enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry (MS). This method shows higher sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and ability to handle complex tissues and biological fluid samples. However, the data interpretation tools of contemporary mass spectrometry still warrant further improvement. Based on the data available with laser‐based mass spectrometry, biomarkers of OSCC are classified as (i) diagnosis and prognosis, (ii) secretory, (iii) recurrence and metastasis, and (iv) drug targets. Majority of these biomarkers are involved in cell homeostasis and are either physiologic responders or enzymes. Therefore, proteins directly related to tumorigenesis have more diagnostic value. Salivary secretory markers are another group that offers a favourable and easy strategy for non‐invasive screening and early diagnosis in oral cancer. Key molecular inter‐related pathways in oral carcinogenesis are also intensely researched with software analysis to facilitate targeted drug therapeutics. The review suggested the need for incorporating ‘multiple MS or tandem approaches’ and focusing on a ‘group of biomarkers’ instead of single protein entities, for making early diagnosis and treatment for oral cancer a reality. |
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Keywords: | biomarker
MALDI
mass spectrometry
OSCC
SELDI
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