自体骨-髌腱(中1/3)-骨重建后交叉韧带的中长期临床观察研究

目的 观察应用自体骨-髌腱(中1/3)-骨进行后交叉韧带关节镜下单束重建的中远期临床效果,探讨后交叉韧带重建的手术原则及影响因素.方法 1998年5月至2004年7月共对29例患者行自体骨-髌腱(中1/3)-骨后交叉韧带关节镜下单束重建,术后22例获得5～10年随访(平均7.1年).评价指标:膝关节功能评分、KT2000、Biodex肌力测试及膝关节X线片评价.结果 22例患者术后平均IKDC、Lysholm及Tegner评分分别为89.4±8.1、94.5±9.2与6.9±2.6,较术前均有明显提高(P<0.01).22例患者术后KT2000结果平均为(4.9±1.1)mm(屈膝90°位)与(4.3±1.2)mm(屈膝30°位).术后屈膝30°KT2000测量结果≥6 mm者6例(A组),<6 mm者16例(B组),两组三种功能结果差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组术前病程平均值分别为(17.6±3.9)个月与(2.9±2.1)个月,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后Biodex结果为:患侧膝关节伸膝的峰力矩为健侧的(90±22)%(60°/s)与(87±19)%(120°/s),屈膝峰力矩为健侧的(93±16)%(60°/s)与(92±20)%(120°/s),屈膝峰力矩大于相同条件下伸膝峰力矩(P<0.01).X线片显示:8例患者(36.4%)出现轻度退变,2例(9.1%)出现中度退变,12例患者(54.5%)X线片未见明显退变.关节退变患者与关节未退变患者的术前病程平均值分别为(16.6±2.7)个月与(3.3±1.7)个月,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 应用自体骨-髌腱(中1/3)-骨进行后交叉韧带关节镜下单束重建的中、远期临床效果良好,Ⅲ度PCL断裂应该及早手术.

Arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft with moderate to long term follow-up

Objectives To evaluate the 4- to 10- year results of arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft, and to find out the principle and influential factor of the isolated PCL reconstruction. Methods From May 1998 to July 2004 the data of 29 patients with isolated PCL reconstruction retrospectively investigated,using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft. Twenty-two cases were followed up with average 7.1 years (5-10 years). Follow-up included the subjective knee function evaluation, KT2000, Biodex and the radiographic assessment. Results The mean final follow-up IKDC score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score of the 22 cases were 89.4±8.1, 94.5±9.2, and 6.9±2.6 respectively. There were statistically significant improvements in them when compared with preoperative data respectively (P<0.01). The average posterior displacement measured with KT2000 was (4.9±1.1)mm (90°flexion) and (4.3±1.2)mm (30°flexion) respectively. At the final follow-up, KT2000 examination revealed ≥6 mm of posterior laxity in 6 patients (group A), and ≤5 mm posterior laxity in 16 patients (group A). A statistically significant improvement was noted in comparing the mean final follow-up IKDC score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score between the group A and B (P<0.01). The average time from injury to surgery of group A and B was (17.6±3.9) months and (2.9±2.1) months respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The data was received from the Biodex dynamometer for the 22 patients who were followed up in clinic service. Patients achieved(90±22)% (60°/s) and (87±19)% (120°/s) recovery of the extensor peak torque respectively, for the flexor peak torque patients achieved (93±16)% (60°/s) and (92±20)%(120°/s) respectively, the difference between the peak torque of extensor and flexor in the same condition was statistically significant (P<0.01). X-ray findings: 8 of the 22 patients (36.4%) were assessed as mild grade change (3 case in medial compartment isolated, 1 case in patellofemoral joint isolated, and 4 case in both compartments) and 2 patients (9.1%) as moderate grading in final follow-up radiographs (in both anterior and medial compartments), and 12 of the 22 patients (54.5%) revealed normal X-ray findings. The average time from injury to surgery of patients who revealed joint degeneration and patients who revealed normal X-ray findings was (16.6±2.7)months and (3.3±1.7) months respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions Arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament using single-bundle bone-patella tendon-bone graft produces well results with moderate to long term follow-up. For the patients with Ⅲ or Ⅳ PCL injury, PCL reconstruction should be done as soon as possible.