Preliminary evaluation of a rapid, qualitative one step immunoassay of cardiac Troponin I in the acute myocardial infarction diagnosis

The cardiac Troponin I is considered the biochemical marker of election to detect acute myocardial infarction, a medical urgency that requires a rapid diagnosis. In this article, the diagnosis of this condition was studied qualitatively through an immunochromatographic assay of a single step detection of cardiac Troponin I elaborated in the laboratory comparing it with another, commercially available, qualitative immunochromatographic assay of detection of cardiac Troponin I, Cardiac STATUS TM. The plasmas of 76 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 50 plasmas obtained from healthy donors were evaluated retrospectively. The laboratory's immunoassay did not present cross reactivity with the skeletal isoform of Troponin I. This test detected 1 ng/mL or more of cardiac Troponin I in the form of a tertiary complex in plasma and it also recognized the free molecule. The clinical sensitivity of the immunoassay of the laboratory in patients with Q wave type acute myocardial infarction was 100% and for the commercial immunoassay was 85.7% in the period of 6 h to 24 h following the onset of chest pain. For this type of infarction, the signal was detected up to 148 h after the onset of symptoms and the clinical sensitivity oscillated between 84.2% and 90.9% for both assays. The clinical sensitivities of the two immunoassays were 70% in the case of patients with non-Q wave acute myocardial infarction. With healthy donor's samples, the clinical specificity of the immunochromatographic assay prepared in the laboratory was of 90.4% and for commercial immunoassay was 100%. The immunochromatographic immunoassays of a single step for the detection of cardiac Troponin I evaluated in this work, diagnosed in a quick and easy way, important myocardial cell death and to lesser extent smaller necrosis, in patients without concluding electrocardioghraphic signs and with the possibility of the occurrence of complications.