新疆阿克苏市一例暴发型流脑死亡病例调查分析

目的了解新疆阿克苏市一例暴发型流脑死亡病例的流行病学特征，为控制暴发提供参考依据。方法现场采用病例收集、现况调查方法，对1例流脑死亡病例进行流行病学调查分析，实验室检测及病例的诊断参照《流行性脑脊髓膜炎诊断标准》（WS295—2008）。结果患者以四肢臀部出现散在瘀点、瘀斑为主要症状，血液标本经细菌培养未能培养出脑膜炎奈瑟菌，通过荧光定量PCR检测确诊患儿为A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌感染。结论该病例暴发型流脑诊断成立，系由A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起；年幼儿童流脑早期诊断较为困难，要加强婴幼儿在流脑高发季节的甄别诊断；进行应急接种的同时重点开展教育宣传、加强居室的通风是控制流脑暴发疫情的有效措施。

A survey analysis of fulminant meningococcal meningitis death case in Aksu Xinjiang

Objective To Learn the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis death in Aksu city of Xinjiang, and provide a reference basis for controlling the outbreak. Methods The cases were collected and the cross-sectional investigation method was used. The epidemiological investiga- tion analysis of one case of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis death was conducted. Laboratory detection and diagnosis of the cases refer to the Diagnosis Criterion of the Meningococcal Meningitis （WS295-2008）. Results The scattered petechiae and ecchymoses on limbs are the main symptoms. Blood samples cultured by bacterial failed to develop neisseria meningitides, the infection of A group of neisseria meningitides was confirmed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Conclusion The fulminant meningococcal meningitis infected by a group of neisseria meningitides could be confirmed. It is difficult to diagnose infant meningococcal meningitis at an early stage. Diagnosis of infants in a high incidence of meningococcal meningitis season should be strengthened; vaccination campaign, educational propaganda and ventilation of the bedroom are effective measures to control the outbreak of meningococca meningitis.