The role of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase in microcystic meningiomas

We studied the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in microcystic meningiomas to investigate a possible underlying mechanism for the development of microcysts and of peritumoral edema, which are frequent characteristics of this rare subtype. Between October 1995 and June 2004, 10 of 19 patients who had histologically confirmed pure microcystic meningiomas were enrolled in the study. Six patients with meningothelial meningiomas, three with atypical meningiomas, and one with a transitional meningioma were included as a control group. Immunohistochemistry with paraffin blocks and real-time RT-PCR analysis for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed using stored frozen tissues. Compared with the control group, MMP-9 was invariably and highly expressed in immunohistochemical staining of microcystic meningiomas. MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and VEGF were weakly expressed or not expressed in both microcystic and non-microcystic meningiomas. Real-time RT-PCR showed increased ratios of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 in microcystic meningiomas compared with the control group (55.855 +/- 106.353 vs. 1.858 +/- 2.575, respectively; p = 0.00). The expression of MMP-2 (0.72 +/- 1.20 vs. 2.54 +/- 3.01, p = 0.01) and TIMP-2 (1.22 +/- 1.67 vs. 1.61 +/- 1.82, p = 0.02) was higher in the control group. The results suggested that the increased ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 might be associated with the formation of microcysts and peritumoral edema in microcystic meningioma.