蚊虫的共生菌及其在媒介控制中的应用

许多昆虫与寄生在昆虫体表或肠道细胞中的微生物建立了共生关系。臭虫、蚜虫、猎蝽等昆虫可以依靠非最佳食物为生，这一是由于其特殊的生存环境，还由于其体内的共生微生物可以帮助合成和补充其食物中所缺乏的必需营养物质。蚊虫也与其肠道中共生细菌有着密切的联系。成蚊喜产卵于富舍细菌的水体中，水体细菌成为蚊虫幼虫的重要食物来源。伊蚊和库蚊幼虫正常生长发育不可缺少细菌，在无菌条件下饲养，蚊虫或其他媒介昆虫不能正常发育至成熟或不能传播人畜疾病。该文对蚊虫与细菌的共生现象以及其在以下几方面的应用进行综述，（1）蚊虫共生细菌的分离与鉴定，（2）共生细菌的形成与传代，（3）共生细菌在昆虫中的分布，并讨论了经过遗传改造的蚊虫共生细菌对蚊虫防治及控制疟疾等由昆虫传播的疾病的应用前景。

Symbiosis in mosquitoes and its role in vector control

Many insects have established a symbiotic relationship with microorganisms they harbour either externally on their body or intracellular within their gut. Insects such as bugs, aphids or triatomines feed on sub-optimal diets due to their restriction to a particular living environment and the symbionts harboured in their body help them to synthesize and make up for other nutritional requirements lacking in their food. Mosquito also has an association with vast array of symbiotic bacteria in its gut. Adult mosquito is attracted to pool water with high bacteria load for oviposition while the bacteria later serve as source of food for the mosquito larvae. With bacteria being indispensable for normal larval growth in Aedes and Culex species, mosquito and other insects either fail to develop to full maturity or are unable to transmit diseases that are lethal to human or livestock when they are raised under sterile conditions. This paper reviews symbiosis in mosquitoes and its application under the following subtopics: (1) isolation and identification of bacteria from mosquito (aposymbiotic insect), (2) acquisition and transmission of symbionts, (3) localization of symbionts, and it also discusses potential application of genetically transformed symbionts in control of mosquitoes and insect borne diseases like malaria, etc.