儿童三角肌挛缩症的误诊误治与治疗分析

目的增强对儿童三角肌挛缩症的认识,探讨其病因、发病机制、诊断和治疗方法.方法 1992年6月～2004年7月,对收治的9例儿童三角肌挛缩症的临床资料进行总结分析,包括病因、临床表现、检查和治疗方法,并随访治疗效果.其中男4例,女5例.年龄5～14岁.结果 9例患儿主要表现为患肩外展畸形、内收障碍、翼状肩胛及三角肌部位凹陷并可扪及质硬的挛缩带.其中4例有三角肌注射史,1例合并臀肌挛缩症.8例确诊前曾被误诊,1例以肩关节陈旧性脱位采用手术误治.均采用挛缩带松解手术治疗, 术后经8个月～12年的随访,除1例遗留轻度翼状肩胛外,余肩外展畸形消失,肩关节活动功能恢复正常.结论儿童三角肌挛缩症可为多因素致病,其特征性临床表现有助于正确的诊断,早期手术治疗效果好.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DELTOID CONTRACTURE IN CHILDREN

Objective To reinforce the recognization of deltoid contracture in children and probe its causes, pathomechanism, diagnosis and treatments. Methods The Clinical data were summarized and analysed, including etiological factors, clinical situations, examinations and treatments from 9 child patients with deltoid contracture from 1992 to 2004. The 9 child patients were followed up to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Results Nine child patients with deltoid contracture included 4 boys and 5 girls, who aged from 5 to 14 years. The main clinical features were presented as abductive deformity,limitation of adduction of the shoulder, winging of the scapula, and dimpling of the skin with a palpable fibrous hard band in deltoid muscle. Four cases had a history of intramuscular injections in deltoid and 1 case was accompanied with bilateral gluteul contracture. Among the 9 patients, 8 cases were misdiagnosed before correct diagnosis and treatment. The misdiagnosis rate was up to 90%. All the cases received the operative treatments to release fibrous bands and were followed up for 8 months to 12 years. Abductive deformity disappeared and functions of the shoulders recovered in all patients, except 1 patient who had a lightly winged scapula. Conclusion Deltoid contracture may be caused by multiple factors,but its clinical features are conductive to correct diagnosis and excellent therapautic efficacy can be acquired by operation early.