经皮扩张气管切开术与传统开放气管切开术在重症监护病房应用效果的比较

目的：研究经皮扩张气管切开术与传统开放气管切开术在重症监护病房应用效果。方法：回顾分析我院重症监护病房（ ICU）56例行气管切开患者，其中经皮扩张气管切开术（ PDT）组30例，传统开放气管切开术（ OT）组26例。对两组患者的手术切口、手术时间、术后切口感染、术后出血、皮下气肿进行比较并分析。结果：PDT组比OT组的手术切口小、手术时间短、术中出血少、术后切口感染率低、术后出血发生率低，差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05），皮下气肿的发生率PDT组较OT组低，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：经皮扩张气管切开术操作简便、快捷、手术时间短、创伤小、出血少、并发症少且轻等特点，是一种安全性、简易度和效价比优于传统开放气管切开术的微创气管切开术。

The application effect comparison of Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy and traditional open tracheostomy in the intensive care unit

Objective：To study and analysis of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy and conventional open tracheostomy in ICU application. Methods：Retrospective analysis of hospital intensive care unit（ ICU）56 routine tracheotomy patients, percutaneous dilational tracheostomy（PDT）Group of 30 patients,traditional open tracheostomy（OT）Group of 26 patients. Compared surgical incision for two groups of patients,duration of surgery,postoperative wound infection,postopera-tive bleeding,subcutaneous emphysema and comparing analysis. Results：PDT group compare with OT group,the former was with smaller incisions,shorter surgery time,less intraoperative bleeding and postoperative incisional wound infection rate was low,low incidence of postoperative hemorrhage,a statistically significant difference（P﹤0. 05）,PDT the inci-dence of subcutaneous emphysema group below the OT group,but the difference was not statistically significant（ P 〉0. 05）. Conclusions：Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy operation is simple,fast,with shorter duration of surgery,less traumatic and less bleeding,fewer complications and light features,so percutaneous dilational tracheostomy is a safe,simple and efficient,better than the traditional open tracheostomy minimally invasive tracheotomy technology.