Beta-catenin mutations and expression, 249serine p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation, and hepatitis B virus infection in southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the prevalence of deregulating mutations of beta-catenin gene, and to correlate this with the occurrence of 249(serine) p53 gene mutation and hepatitis B virus infection in southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Paired cancer/non-cancerous liver tissues from 21 and cancer tissues alone from 20 Black Africans with hepatocellular carcinoma were studied. RT-PCR-SSCP and sequencing were used to detect mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene, and PCR, restriction endonuclease analysis, and sequencing to detect the p53 gene mutation. Immunostaining was used to identify beta-catenin protein expression in hepatocytes. RESULTS: No mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene were found in tumor or non-tumorous tissues. Immunohistochemical staining showed beta-catenin protein expression in membranes and cytoplasm of hepatocytes but not in the nuclei. The 249serine p53 gene mutation was detected in 27.2% of the hepatocellular carcinoma tissues but not in non-cancerous tissues. No correlation was found between beta-catenin mutation and over-expression and 249serine p53 gene mutations or hepatitis B virus surface antigenemia. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike hepatocellular carcinomas in China, Japan, and Europe, deregulating beta-catenin gene mutations do not appear to occur in southern African Blacks with this tumor and do not therefore interact with either the 249serine p53 gene mutation or hepatitis B virus infection in its pathogenesis.