Associations between behavioural risk factors and smoking,heavy smoking and future smoking among an Australian population-based sample |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. School of Psychology, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;3. School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;4. Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;5. College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;2. Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy;3. ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtriėre (AP-HP), Paris, France;4. Cardiovascular and Neurological Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Arezzo, Arezzo, Italy;5. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;6. Brigham and Women''s Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;1. Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;2. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Laboratory (FUTURE Lab.), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;4. Center for Advanced Technologies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;5. The Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Suea Pa, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand;6. Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary |
| |
| Abstract: | IntroductionTobacco smoking co-occurs with behavioural risk factors including diet, alcohol use and obesity. However, the association between behavioural risk factors and heavy smoking (> 20 cig/day) compared to light–moderate smoking is unknown. The link between behavioural risk factors and future smoking for both ex and current smokers is also unknown. This study sought to examine these relationships. It is hypothesised that behavioural risk factors will be more strongly associated with heavy smoking.MethodData from Wave 7 (2007) of the Household and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey was analysed using logistic regression to determine relationships between diet (fruit and vegetable consumption, and unhealthy diet choices), alcohol consumption, obesity and physical activity with light–moderate smoking and heavy smoking. The association between these risk factors and future smoking (2008) was assessed for current and ex-smokers (2007).ResultsObese respondents were less likely to be light/moderate smokers (RRR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.66) but not heavy smokers. Those who consume confectionary weekly were less likely to be light/moderate smokers (RRR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.87), but not heavy smokers. Smokers in 2007 were more likely to continue smoking in 2008 if they consumed 1–4 drinks per occasion (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.13, 5.62). Ex-smokers in 2007 were less likely to relapse in 2008 if they consumed recommended levels of both fruit and vegetables (OR: 0.31; CI: 0.10, 0.91).ConclusionThe relationships between heavy smoking and behavioural risk factors differ from moderate–light smoking. Future primary care interventions would benefit from targeting multiple risk factors, particularly for heavy smokers. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
