Maxillary sinus floor augmentation and dental implant placement using dentin matrix protein-1 gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells mixed with deproteinized boving bone: A comparative study in beagles

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the combined use of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and Bio-Oss^® for maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) implant placement in dogs.Materials and methodsBMSCs were derived from bone marrow of six beagles and cultured. The cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector overexpressing the DMP1 gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene (Lenti-DMP1/EGFP) in test group, and with a lentiviral vector encoding EGFP gene (Lenti-EGFP) in control group. Six dogs received sinus augmentations using the bilateral approach with a simultaneous implant placement at each site respectively. At the same concentration, 2 × 10⁷ cells/ml, one sinus was grafted using a mixture of autologous DMP1/EGFP gene-modified BMSCs and Bio-Oss^® (DMP1 group), and the contralateral sinus was grafted with autologous EGFP gene-modified bMSCs and Bio-Oss^® (EGFP group). After a 3 month healing period, bone regeneration and osseointegration were evaluated using histologic and histomorphometric methods.ResultsThe bone-implant contact (BIC) and the bone area fraction in the DMP1 group (BIC: 34.67% ± 8.23%, bone area fraction: 35.16% ± 3.32%) were significantly greater compared with the EGFP group (BIC: 26.06% ± 5.16%, bone area fraction: 20.74% ± 1.63%) (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the residual bone substitute material volume (BSMV) in the DMP1 group (35.86 ± 7.35) and the EGFP group (32.16 ± 9.16) was found in our study (P > 0.05).ConclusionBMSCs modified with the DMP1 gene can be used as an adjunct to Bio-Oss^® to enhance new bone formation and the osseointegration of dental implants in MSFA of dogs.