Trends in smoking prevalence and attributable mortality in China, 1991–2011 |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;2. Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 10020, China;3. Division of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland;4. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;1. Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour (PRCHB), School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;2. Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia;3. Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia;1. Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA;2. University of Washington Family & Child Nursing, 1959 NE Pacific St Seattle, WA 98195, USA;3. University of Washington Department of Sociology, 211 Savery Hall, Box 353340, Seattle, WA 98195-3340, United States;4. University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, Stop G1800, Austin, TX 78712-1699, United States;5. University of California, San Diego, United States;6. Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, 3900 Fifth Avenue, Suite 310, San Diego, CA 92103, United States;7. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;8. University of Washington Department of Pediatrics and Seattle Children''s Hospital Research Institute, P.O. Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98145, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveChina is the largest producer of tobacco worldwide. We assessed secular trends in prevalence of smoking, average cigarettes per day, mean age of initiation, and mortality attributable to smoking among the Chinese population between 1991 and 2011.DesignData came from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, conducted eight times between 1991 and 2011. A total of 83,447 participants aged 15 years or older were included in this study. Trends in smoking were stratified by sex, age, and region (urban vs. rural).ResultsIn 2011, 311 millions individuals were current smokers in China, with 295 million men and 16 million women, respectively. Between 1991 and 2011, the prevalence of current smoking decreased from 60.6% to 51.6% in men, and from 4.0% to 2.9% in women. However, during this period, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day per smoker increased from 15.0 to 16.5 in males, and from 8.5 to 12.4 in females. Further, age of smoking initiation decreased from 21.9 to 21.4 years in men and from 31.4 to 28.4 years in women. In 2011, 16.5% of all deaths in men and 1.7% in women were due to smoking. Between 1991 and 2011, the total number of deaths caused by smoking increased from 800,000 to 900,000.ConclusionsDuring the past 20 years, a slight decrease in smoking prevalence was observed in the Chinese population. However, cigarette smoking remains a major cause of death in China, especially in men. |
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