Release from drinking-age restrictions is associated with increases in alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions among young drivers in Canada |
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| Institution: | 1. Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), 3333 University Way, V2N 4Z9 Prince George, British Columbia, Canada;2. Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, M5T 1R8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Health Sciences Building, M5T 3M7 Toronto, Ontario, Canada;4. Biostatistical Consulting Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, M5T 1R8 Toronto, Ontario, Canada;5. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, V2N 4Z9 Prince George, British Columbia, Canada;6. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Ave., B3H 1V7 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;1. Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;2. US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA, USA;3. College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA;4. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;1. Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre d''Epidémiologie et Statistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France;2. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France;3. AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Service de Psychiatrie de l''adulte et du sujet âgé, Paris, France;4. Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France;5. Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017 Bobigny, France;1. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;2. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark;4. Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9229 Aalborg East, Denmark;1. On Target Health Data LLC, 247 N Stone Street, West Suffield, CT 06093, United States;2. BRFSS Program, Wyoming Department of Health, 6101 Yellowstone Rd, Suite 510, Cheyenne, WY 82002, United States;1. Independent Research Consultant, Mountain View, CA, USA;2. American Cancer Society, Intramural Research Department, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States;2. Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, Claremont, CA, United States;3. University of Hawaii, Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States;4. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, University of California, San Francisco, United States;5. California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States;6. University of California, San Diego, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlcohol-related motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a key concern in current international debates about the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws, but the majority of this literature is based on natural experiments involving MLDA changes occurring 2–4 decades ago.MethodsA regression-discontinuity approach was used to estimate the relation between Canadian drinking-age laws and population-based alcohol-related MVCs (n = 50,233) among drivers aged 15–23 years in Canada.ResultsIn comparison to male drivers slightly younger than the MLDA, those just older had immediate and abrupt increases in alcohol-related MVCs of 40.6% (95% CI 25.1%–56.6%; P < 0.001) in Ontario; 90.2% (95% CI 7.3%–171.2%; P = 0.033) in Manitoba; 21.6% (95% CI 8.5%–35.0%; P = 0.001) in British Columbia; and 27.3% (95% CI 10.9%–44.5%; P = 0.001) in Alberta; but also an unexpected significant decrease in the Northwest Territories of ? 102.2% (95% CI ? 120.7%–74.9%; P < 0.001). For females, release from MLDA restrictions was associated with increases in alcohol-related MVCs in Ontario 34.2% (95% CI 0.9%–68.0%; P = 0.044)] and Alberta 82.2% (95% CI 41.1%–125.1%; P < 0.001)]. Nationally, in comparison to male drivers slightly younger than the legislated MLDA, male drivers just older had significant increases immediately following the MLDA in alcohol-related severe MVCs 27.0% (95% CI 12.6%–41.7%, P < 0.001)] and alcohol-related fatal MVCs 53.4% (95% CI 2.4%–102.9%, P = 0.04)].ConclusionsRelease from Canadian drinking-age restrictions appears to be associated with immediate increases in alcohol-related fatal and non-fatal MVCs, especially among male drivers. |
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