杭菊花挥发性成分的表征分析

目的:分析5种栽培类型杭菊花(早小洋菊、迟小洋菊、大洋菊、异种大白菊和小汤黄)挥发油成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取5种栽培类型杭菊花挥发油,用GC毛细管色谱柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,GC-MS鉴定化学成分。结果:从早小洋菊、迟小洋菊、大洋菊、异种大白菊和小汤黄挥发油中分别检出179,167,209,211和270个色谱峰,分别鉴定了54,56,60,55和65个化合物,分别占挥发油总量的73.40%,64.14%,65.19%,53.55%和62.89%。结论:5种栽培类型杭菊花挥发油中共有成分为1,3,3-三甲基环己-1-烯-4-甲醛、冰片、α-姜黄烯、α-甜没药萜醇、顺式石竹烯、桧脑、安息香酸苄酯、β,β-二甲基苯丙酸甲酯、2,4-癸二烯醛和二十一烷;其中桧脑含量最高,分别占挥发油总量的11.96%,10.51%,10.95%,13.28%和10.77%,为5种栽培类型杭菊花挥发油中最具特征的成分;其次是β,β-二甲基苯丙酸甲酯,分别占挥发油总量的1.51%,1.86%,2.52%,4.89%和2.51%。杭菊花栽培类型不同,挥发油中化学成分无论在量上还是在质上,都各有区别,结果为杭菊花栽培类型的确立提供了化学方面的佐证,亦为其质量评价提供了物质基础。

Characterization of chemical components of essential oil from cupitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Tongxiang city

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical components of the essential oil extracted from five cultivars' Hangjuhua (Zaoxiaoyangju, Chixiaoyangju, Dayangju, Yizhongdabaiju and Xiaotangju), which were breed came from the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, and provide scientific basis for quality control. METHOD: The essential oil of five cultivars' Hangjuhua were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. RESULT: From the Zaoxiaoyangju, Chixiaoyangju, Dayangju, Yizhongdabaiju and Xiaotangju, 179, 167, 209, 211 and 270 chromatographic peaks were detected, among them 54, 56, 60, 55 and 65 components were identified, which were composed of 73.40%, 64.14%, 65.19%, 53.55% and 62.89% of the total essential oil, respectively. CONCLUSION: The common chemical constituents were juniper camphor, 1, 3, 3-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-4-carboxaldehyde, borneol, alpha-curcumene, alpha-bisabolol, cis-caryophyllene, benzyl benzoate, methyl beta, beta-dimethylbenzenepropanoic acid ester, 2, 4-decadienal and heneicosane in the essential oil of the five cultivars' Hangjuhua. Among them, juniper camphor is most which were composed of 11.96%, 10.51%, 10.95%, 13.28% and 10.77% of the total essential oil, and methyl beta, beta-dimethylbenzenepropanoic acid ester is second, which were composed of 1.51%, 1.86%, 2.52%, 4.89% and 2.51% of the total essential oil, respectively. There are marked differences in the compounds contained in the five samples. The juniper camphor is a characteristic constituent in the essential oil of Hangjuhua. The resultant data provided the evidences to establish Hangjuhua' cultivars and scientific basis for quality control of Hangjuhua.