应对新型冠状病毒肺炎防护服的选择和使用

防护服是医务人员抗击传染病疫情中非常重要的个人防护用品，特别是在应对传播途径未知的新发传染病，以及传播风险很高的传染病中。防护服可以阻止各类可能携带病原体的分泌物、喷溅物、颗粒物等接触人体，保护医务人员健康，是战胜新冠肺炎疫情的重要防护用品。由于本次疫情播散范围大、感染人数较多，对于防护服的需求巨大，符合国家标准的医用防护服供不应求，一些符合国外标准的防护服也逐渐被使用。作者查阅和比较各国防护服的应用范围和评价指标，以期为医务人员选择符合要求的防护服提供帮助。

Investigation on the disinfection quality of endoscopes and influential factors

Objective To investigate the disinfection quality of endoscopes and influential factors in several hospitals in a city. Methods A combining method of questionnaires and on the spot sampling was taken, according to ＂The Standards of Disinfection Techniques＂ and ＂ The Standards of Endoscope Disinfection Techniques＂, the following samples were sampled ： gastroscopes, enteroscopes, fiberbronchoscopes and other related material. Results The qualification rate of the endoscopes and other related material was 57. 36%. The qualification rate of the endoscopes and other related material in the city- level, county- level and town- level hospitals was 83.70 %, 61. 00% and 37. 59% respectively; the qualification rate in city- level hospitals was obviously higher than that in county - level hospitals（x^2 = 6.96, P〈0. 01 ） and town- level hospitals（x^2 = 20. 44, P〈0. 01 ）, the qualification rate in county- level hospitals was obviously higher than that in town- level hospitals（x^2 = 4. 12, P〈0. 05）. The qualification rate of total number of bacteria was 68. 66%-82. 14% The maximum value of bacteria isolated from water of high pressure gun, gastroscopes, enteroscopes was 1.4 × 10^5 CFU/mL, 6. 0 × 10^3 CFU/piece, 6. 3 × 10^3 CFU/ piece. The qualification rate of lumen surface of the endoscopes was 61.90%. The total qualification rate of water washing and enzyme cleaning troughs and the inner surface of rinsers was 57. 61 %. Conclusion The contamination of endoscopes and related material is severe, especially the health institutions in town. The main factors for the cross contamination of endoscopes are endoscopes shortage, nonstandardized washing and disinfection, insufficient facilities and non - standardized management.