Combined Oral Treatment with racemic and meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid for Removal of Mercury in Rats

Abstract: Racemic dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was found more efficient than the meso-isoform in enhancing the removal of mercury in rats. However. racemic-DMSA has recently been found more toxic. The efficiency of combined oral treatment with the two isoforms of DMSA for removal of mercury has now been evaluated. Female albino rats were treated orally for four days with meso- (M) and/or racemic- (R) DMSA (1 mmol/kg each), five days after a single intraperitoneal administration of ²⁰³Hg with 0.5 mg HgCl₂/kg. The animals were divided into six groups according to the number of treatments with each isomer: control (untreated), 4M, 1R + 3M, 2R + 2M, 3R+1M, and 4R. Whole body, kidney, liver and brain mercury contents were measured nine days after ²⁰³Hg administration. In all treated groups retention in the whole body and kidneys was greatly reduced. The groups treated with racemic-DMSA, regardless of the number of doses, showed a greater removal of mercury than the group treated with meso-DMSA alone (4M). All treatments were less efficient in reducing liver retention, and the brain retention was not affected. It was concluded that even a single application of the more toxic racemic-DMSA during a four-day oral treatment regimen is sufficient to improve the removal by meso-DMSA of mercury from rats.