Multiple reference frames used by the human brain for spatial perception and memory |
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Authors: | Gaspare Galati Gina Pelle Alain Berthoz Giorgia Committeri |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy 2. Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Foundation Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy 3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Bioimaging, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy 4. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Foundation University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy 5. Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l’Action, CNRS, Collège de France, Paris, France
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Abstract: | We review human functional neuroimaging studies that have explicitly investigated the reference frames used in different cortical
regions for representing spatial locations of objects. Beyond the general distinction between “egocentric” and “allocentric”
reference frames, we provide evidence for the selective involvement of the posterior parietal cortex and associated frontal
regions in the specific process of egocentric localization of visual and somatosensory stimuli with respect to relevant body
parts (“body referencing”). Similarly, parahippocampal and retrosplenial regions, together with specific parietal subregions
such as the precuneus, are selectively involved in a specific form of allocentric representation in which object locations
are encoded relative to enduring spatial features of a familiar environment (“environmental referencing”). We also present
a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging study showing that these regions are selectively activated, whenever a purely
perceptual spatial task involves an object which maintains a stable location in space during the whole experiment, irrespective
of its perceptual features and its orienting value as a landmark. This effect can be dissociated from the consequences of
an explicit memory recall of landmark locations, a process that further engages the retrosplenial cortex. |
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