辽宁省丹东市农村居民疟疾健康教育干预效果评价

目的 评价在辽宁省农村居民中开展疟疾防治相关知识健康宣教的效果. 方法 随机抽样法抽取振兴区、振安区、宽甸县、东港市等4个县（区）农村中小学生和居民,以自填问卷的方法调查健康教育材料需求情况,制作符合当地情况的宣教材料;通过发放宣传材料、张贴宣传画、发送手机短信等方式进行健康教育干预活动;以基线调查和工作效果评估调查中人群疟疾防治知识的知晓率来评估健康教育的干预效果. 结果 丹东地区农村居民人群疟防知识知晓率与被访者受教育程度相关,差异有统计学意义（x2=11.753,P＜0.05）,年龄、性别、职业等影响因素差异无统计学意义.学生和居民对疟疾防治知识的知晓率分别由干预前的54.31％ （782/1 440）和39.58％（2 850/7 201）,上升到干预后的87.37％ （629/720）和87.00％（1 044/1 200）,两者在干预前后差异有统计学意义（x2=231.54,930.27,P均＜0.05）. 结论 根据有针对性的健康教育需求调查制作出的健康教育材料可以有效的提高人群的疟防知识知晓率.

Intervention effect of health education on malaria in rural residents of Dandong City,Liaoning Province

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on malaria among the rural residents in Liaoning Province.Methods The needs for health education materials were investigated using self-administered questionnaire in Zhenxing,Zhenan,Kuandian and Donggan counties.According to the local conditions,the education materials were then produced.Health education intervention activities were complemented through issuance of propaganda materials,posters,sending text messages etc.The effect of health education intervention was evaluated by the awareness rate of malaria knowledge in the baseline survey and the work effect investigation.Results The awareness rate of malaria prevention had significant differences among the residents with different education levels （x2=11.753,P＜0.05）.No significant differences due to occupation,gender and age factors.The awareness rates of malaria knowledge were 54.31％（782/1 440）and 87.37％（629/720） respectively before and after the intervention in students while 39.58％ （2 850/7 201） and 87.37％ （629/720） respectively in residents,with significant difference （x2=231.54,930.27,P＜0.05）.Both awareness rates were higher after the intervention.Conclusion The awareness rate of malaria knowledge can be significantly improved by the health education materials produced according to the preliminary investigation on health education demand.