应用微卫星和下颌骨形态分析法对不同昆明小鼠种群进行遗传分析

目的为丰富昆明小鼠的遗传学数据,探究其遗传监测方法,应用微卫星和下颌骨形态分析法对不同昆明小鼠种群进行遗传分析。方法从辽宁省两个种群选择SPF级昆明小鼠各30只,选取小鼠不同染色体上10个多态信息丰富的微卫星位点,以PCR扩增和PAGE电泳分型技术测定两个种群的杂合度(he)、多态信息含量(PIC)、遗传距离(DA)等遗传参数;常规方法测定下颌骨11项形态变异参数。结果两个昆明小鼠种群共检测出28个等位基因,31个基因型,he为0.472,PIC为0.382;A种群共检出27个等位基因,28个基因型,he为0.525,PIC为0.402,B种群共检出26个等位基因,27个基因型,he为0.418,PIC为0.361,两个种群遗传距离为0.076,A种群的遗传多样性略高于B种群。两个种群下颌骨形态存在差别,有5项参数达到差异显著或极显著(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01)。结论两个昆明小鼠种群的遗传距离相近,存在微弱的遗传分化。

Genetic Analysis for Different Populations of Kunming Mice by Microsateilite Markers and Mandible Morphology

Objective To study the genetic features of different populations of Kunming mice in order to enrich their genetic data and explore the method for genetic quality control. Methods SPF KM mice from two populations of Liaoning province (30 mice in each group, male:female=1:1) were used in this study. Ten microsatellite loci on different chromosomes with rich polymorphism information were chosen, and the heterozygosity (h_e), polymorphism information content (PIC) and genetic distance (D_A) were analyzed by PCR amplification and PAGE electrophoresis. Eleven morphological parameters of the mandible were determined. Results Twenty-eight alleles and 31 genotypes were found in the two mouse populations, with a h_e of 0.472 and PIC of 0.382. Twenty-seven alleles and 28 genotypes were found in the population A, with a h_e of 0.525 and PIC of 0.402. Twenty-six alleles and 27 genotypes were found in the population B, with a h_e of 0.418 and PIC of 0.361. D_A between the two populations was 0.076. The genetic diversity of group A was slightly higher than that of the group B. There were some differences in the mandibular morphology between the two populations, among them, 5 parameters had significant differences (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The genetic distance of the two Kunming mouse populations is approximate, with a weak genetic differentiation between the two populations.