北京市房山区2007～2010年狂犬病暴露者流行病学分析

目的 总结北京市房山区狂犬病暴露者流行病学特征,为制定有效的预防措施提供科学依据.方法 对北京市房山区2007-01至2010-12狂犬病暴露者资料进行统计分析.结果 2007-01至2010-12房山区狂犬病免疫预防门诊共接诊狂犬病暴露者57 698例,无一例发病.男女性别比为1.28：1;以中青年为主;职业分布以工人、农民居多;暴露时间以5～9月份为高发月份,占54.76%;暴露部位以下肢多见,占48.54 %;致伤动物以犬和猫为主,94.98%为家养;81.18%无免疫史或免疫史不详;暴露者24 h就诊率为83.10%;被动免疫制剂使用率为23.12%.5例人狂犬病病例均未就诊,除3例对伤口自行处理外,其他未进行伤口处理和免疫接种.结论 加强狂犬病知识宣传,普及狂犬病防治知识,强化人群自我保护意识,暴露后正确处理伤口和预防接种是预防狂犬病发生的有效措施.

Epidemiological analysis of individuals exposed to rabies in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2007 to 2010

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of individuals exposed to rabies in Fangshan District of Beijing and provide a scientific basis for prevention.Methods The data of subjects exposed to rabies in Fangshan District in Beijing from January 2007 to December 2010 were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 57 698 cases exposed to rabies were registered in the vaccination clinic for rabies during this period.None of them developed rabies.The ratio of males to females was 1.28:1. Young and middle-aged were the hulk of the exposed population.The majority of the victims were workers and peasants.Months of high exposure were May to August,accounting for 54.76%of the cases.Lower limbs were most vulnerable to exposure,making up 48.54%.The attacking animals were mostly dogs and cats.94.98%of the animals were domestic.The immune history of 81.18%of the animals was blank or unknown.83.10%of the patients saw a doctor within 24 hours.The rate of using passive immunization preparations was 23.12%.Of five rabies cases,three cases treated the wound by themselves,and the others took no measures.Conclusions Popularizing knowledge on prevention of rabies,proper treatment of the wound,and inoculation are effective measures after exposure to rabies.