超氧化物歧化酶在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病并发症中最常见的微血管疾病，是导致工作年龄人群视力损害和失明的主要原因。高血糖状态加剧氧化应激反应，释放大量的活性氧自由基，使组织细胞中的蛋白质、DNA或者RNA损伤，从而导致细胞死亡，氧化应激被认为是DR发生发展的重要因素之一。抗氧化防御系统是维持氧化还原稳态的关键组成部分，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是一种主要的抗氧化酶，维持抗氧化酶库中的第一道防线。在哺乳动物中存在着三种SOD的同工酶，主要通过加速SOD的突变反应来保护细胞免受超氧化物的损伤，调节抗氧化物酶SOD水平可能会延缓DR的发生发展。目前DR的发病作用机制尚不明确，本文就抗氧化物酶SOD在DR疾病中对周细胞、神经节细胞的保护作用研究进展进行综述。

Research progress on the role of superoxide dismutase in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in working-age people, which is the most common microvascular disease among diabetes complications.Hyperglycemia state can result in the aggravation of oxidative stress, release a large number of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and cause damage to protein, DNA or RNA in tissues and cells, thus causing cell death. Oxidative stress is considered as one of the important factors for the occurrence and development of DR. Antioxidant defense system is the key component of maintaining redox homeostasis. Superoxide dismutase(SOD)is a major antioxidant enzyme, which maintains the first line of defense in the antioxidant enzyme library. There are three kinds of SOD isozymes in mammals, which mainly protect cells from superoxide damage by accelerating the mutation reaction of SOD. It may delay the occurrence and development of DR by regulating the level of antioxidant enzyme SOD. Currently, the pathogenesis of DR remains unclear. In this paper, the protective effect of antioxidant enzyme SOD on pericytes and ganglion cells in DR was reviewed.