婴儿缺铁性贫血状况及对生长发育的影响

目的：了解6月龄内婴儿缺铁性贫血的患病状况及对生长发育的影响。方法调查嘉兴市区2011年7月-2012年6月出生的341名健康婴儿，分别在出生后42 d、6月龄检测血常规，体格检查，收集喂养资料和6月龄发育筛查测试（ DST）。结果出生后42 d婴儿贫血患病率为37.54%。男婴40.54%与女婴33.97%比较差异无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）。6月龄婴儿贫血患病率为19.35%，其中新发占48.48%。母乳喂养、混合喂养和人工喂养婴儿贫血患病率，42 d 时分别为30.82%、41.40%和47.37%，3组间比较差异无统计学意义（ P 〉0.05）；6月龄时分别为38.20%、16.38%和9.56%，3组间比较以母乳喂养组患病率最高（ P〈0.05）。DST筛查显示，发育筛查（ DQ〈70）的异常率自42 d~6月龄血红蛋白持续低下的婴儿为11.76%，明显高于6月龄新发贫血组3.13%和非贫血组1.82%（P〈0.05）。结论婴儿早期贫血持续状态对婴儿的神经精神发育存在潜在的影响，要重视婴儿早期血红蛋白的检测和干预。

The Status of iron deficiency anemia and its effect on growth and development among infants

Objective To know the prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia and its effect on growth and development among infants under 6 months. Methods A total of 341 infants who were born from July 2011 to June 2012 were enrolled. The information of blood routine examination,growth index,feeding patterns was collected at age of 42 days and 6 months,respectively. Developmental screening test was conducted at age of 6 months. Results The prevalence rate of anemia at 42 days was 37. 54%,and there was no significant difference between males（40. 54%）and females（33. 97%） （P〉0. 05）. The prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia at 6 months was 19. 35%,in which 48. 48% were new cases. At age of 42 days,there was no significant difference between different feeding patterns in anemia prevalence（ breast feeding：30. 82%,mixed feeding：41. 40%,artificial feeding：47. 37%,P〉0. 05）. While at age of 6 months,the anemia prevalence of breast feeding group was higher（ 38. 20%）than that of the other two groups（ mixed feeding：16. 38%;artificial feeding：9. 56%;P〈0. 05 ）. The rate of developmental quotient below 70 was 11. 76% in the anemia cases whose hemoglobin was continuously low from 42 days to 6 months,which was higher than that of new onset anemia cases （3. 13%）and normal hemoglobin controls（1. 82%）（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Continuously low hemoglobin at early age of 42 days to 6 months is potentially harmful to neuropsychological development of infants. Early screening of hemoglobin is urgently needed for intervention of iron deficiency anemia among infants.