无患子皂苷遗传毒性的研究

目的：评价无患子皂苷的急性毒性和遗传毒性，为无患子皂苷的日常应用提供毒理学依据。方法通过急性经口毒性试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验、细菌回复突变试验和体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验，检测无患子皂苷对原核生物和真核生物在基因水平和染色体水平的诱变性。结果无患子皂苷的雌雄小鼠急性经口毒性LD50均为4640 mg/kg，可见流涎和黏液便等中毒体征。小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验各剂量组与阴性对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）；Ames试验在加或不加S9各剂量组及菌株条件下的回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数（阴性对照）的2倍以上，未观察到剂量-效应关系；染色体畸变试验无患子皂苷对CHL的IC50为75μg/mL，各剂量组与阴性对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）。在上述各试验中，阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P〈0.01）。结论在本实验条件下，无患子皂苷不具有遗传毒性。

A study on the genotoxicity of sapindus saponin

Objective To evaluate acute toxicity and genotoxicity of sapindus saponin and to provide toxicological basis for sapindus saponin ’s daily applications. Methods Acute oral toxicity test,mammalian erythocyte micronucleus test, bacterial reverse mutation test and in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test were used to investigate the effect of the sapindus saponin on gene mutation and chromosome aberration in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Results The acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of sapindus saponin was 4640 mg/kg for both male and female mice. Toxic symptoms were observed including salivation,mucus and other toxic manifestations. There was no significant difference between the each dose group and the negative control group in the results of mammalian erythocyte micronucleus test（ P〉0. 05）. The results of bacterial reverse mutation test were also negative. In each dose group and strain with or without S9,the number of revertant colonies did not exceed 2 times than that of spontaneous revertant colonies（ negative control）. No dose-response relationship was observed. The vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test showed that the IC50 of sapindus saponin on CHL was 75 μg/ml,and the differences between each dose group and the negative control group were not statistically significant（ P 〉0. 05 ）. However,the positive control group differed from the negative control group in all tests（ P 〈0. 01）. Conclusion Under this experimental condition,sapindus saponin has no genotoxicity.