184例心血管疾病患者吸烟及戒烟现状调查分析

目的了解心血管疾病患者的吸烟及戒烟现状．方法对2010年12月至2011年12月期间在昆明市第一人民医院门诊或住院部就诊的184例心血管疾病患者进行戒烟问卷调查，分析心血管疾病患者吸烟及戒烟相关临床特征．结果（1）心血管疾病吸烟者中以男性为主（100％），以患有高血压和／或冠心病为主（179人，97．3％）．（2）开始吸烟年龄平均21．5岁，其中97．8％患者烟龄≥108，平均（35．1±13．4）a，69．6％患者吸烟量≥10支，d，平均（16．3±10．1）支，d，65．8％的患者尼古丁依赖程度很低或是低度，81．5％患者认为戒烟重要，76．1％有戒烟想法，67．4％有信心成功戒烟，50．5％认为戒烟是件困难的事情；其中127人（69％）认真戒过烟．（3）认真戒烟患者有65例（51．2％）戒烟成功，其中54例（83．1％）接受过医务人员不同程度建议戒烟劝导；62例（48．8％）复吸，只有34例（54．8％）接受过医务人员建议戒烟劝导，2组进行Х^2检验，P=0．000，提示差异有统计学意义．其复吸原因主要因为压力、烟瘾发作及其身边有其他吸烟者．结论心血管疾病吸烟患者主要由患高血压和／或冠心病的男性患者构成；大多数患者认识到戒烟重要，有想法及认真戒烟，但由于缺乏信心及吸烟也成为一种生活习惯明显影响成功戒烟；医务人员的建议戒烟劝导在很大程度上提高了患者的戒烟成功率．

A Survey on the Current Situation of Smoking and Smoking Cessation in 184 Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Objective To understand the current situation of smoking and quitting smoking in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods 184 cases of inpatients or outpatients with cardiovascular disease treated in the First People＇s Hospital of Kunming were surveyed about quitting smoking, and the smoking and smoking cessation-related clinical features of patients with cardiovascular disease were analyzed. Results （1） Cardiovascular diseases in smokers was male-dominated （100%） , mainly hypertension and/or coronary heart disease （179, 97.3%） （2） Average age of starting smoking was 21.5, 97.8% of patients had smoked more than 10 years, with an average of 35.1 ±13.4 years, 69.6% of patients smoked 〉110 cigarettes/day, with an average of 16.3 ±10.1 cigarettes/day, 65.8% of patients were in the low level of nicotine dependence, 81.5% of the patients thought that quitting smoking was important, 76.1% had quitting smoking ideas, 67.4% had confidence in the success of quitting smoking, 50.5% thought that it was difficult to quit smoking, 127 （69%） patients had seriously quit smoking. （3） 65 cases （51.2%） who seriously quit smoking had succeeded, 54 patients （83.1%） received varying degrees of medical staff advised to quit smoking, 62 cases （48.8%） in relapse, only 34 patients （54.8%） accepted medical personnel advised to quit. Two sets of chi-square test, p = 0.000, prompted difference was statistically significant. Relapse reasons were pressure, craving and around other smokers. Conclusions Smoking patients with cardiovascular disease are mainly constituted by male patients with hypertension and / or coronary heart disease. Most of the patients recognize that quitting smoking is important, and have idea and seriously quit smoking. However, lack of confidence and smoking which has also become a lifestyle significantly affect the success of smoking cessation. The medical staffs＇ recommending smoking cessation persuasion can largely improve the success of smoking cessation for patients.