Enhanced effect of κ-carrageenan on TNBS-induced inflammation in mice |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, PR China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Zhejiang 315211, PR China;1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;4. Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;1. Ningbo University, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China;1. IONTOX, LLC, 4717 Campus Dr., Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA;2. Cyprotex/CeeTox, Inc., 4717 Campus Dr., Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA;3. Celtic Colloids, Inc., 13 Garnet Dr., Topsham, ME 04086, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAs a sulfated polysaccharide, carrageenan has been widely used as common food additive.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the effects of κ-carrageenan on TNBS-induced gut inflammation in mice. BALB/c mice were pretreated with κ-carrageenan for 14 days prior to the administration of TNBS.ResultsOur results showed that κ-carrageenan pretreatment aggravated the loss of body weight and further increased the mortality rate. Histological and morphological analyses revealed that the TNBS-induced colonic inflammation was deteriorated by the κ-carrageenan administration. The ratio of CD4+ CD25+ CD127dim/CD4+ of the κ-carrageenan + TNBS groups was significantly lower than that of the TNBS group. The expression of IL-2, TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly increased, whereas the expression of IL-10 was significantly decreased in the κ-carrageenan + TNBS groups. In addition, κ-carrageenan, together with TNBS, decreased the enzyme activity of SOD and GSH-px and up-regulated the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-Jun., IL-8 and MDA in the colonic mucosa.Conclusionsκ-Carrageenan aggravated the TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation, and such an effect could be associated with the oxidative stress and activation of TLR4-NF-κB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. |
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