First report of Cryptosporidium canis in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and identification of several novel subtype families for Cryptosporidium mink genotype in minks (Mustela vison) in China |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China;2. Shenyang Police Dog Technical College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China;1. Dept. Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy;2. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC (IRD/Ifremer/UM2/CNRS) SFA, Fishing Port, BP570 Victoria, Seychelles;3. Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, viale dell''Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;4. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Oceanic Fishery Programme, BP D5, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia;5. Departamento de Pesquerias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CICIMAR, Avenida IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, Mexico;6. Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, University of Hawaii, Marine Science Building 312, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;7. Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 1001 Texas Clipper Road, Galveston, TX 77553, USA;8. Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, Avda. Universidad Cerro Colorado, Cumana 6101, Venezuela;9. Marine Research Division, AZTI, Herrera Kaia-Portualdea z/g, Pasaia, 20110, Gipuzkoa, Spain;10. Ikerbasque Fundazioa, Maria Diaz de Haro, 3-6°, Bilbao, 48013, Bizkaia, Spain;11. Section of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany;1. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil;2. Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, BR 469, km 22,5, CEP: 85570-970 Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, BR – 465, km 07, CEP:23.890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Despite the rapid and extensive advances in molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in humans and a variety of animals, the prevalence and genetic traits of the parasite in wildlife bred in captivity and the role of the neglected hosts in zoonotic transmission of human cryptosporidiosis are rarely understood. This study investigated the prevalence, species/genotype, and subtype of Cryptosporidium in farmed fur animals in China and assessed the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Three of 191 (1.6%) foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 17 of 162 (10.5%) raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and 48 of 162 (29.6%) minks (Mustela vison) were positive for Cryptosporidium by nested PCRs targeting the small subunit rRNA gene. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of only Cryptosporidium canis in foxes and raccoon dogs. There is no significant difference in prevalence between young and adult foxes (or raccoon dogs). Three Cryptosporidium species or genotype including C. canis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, and mink genotype were determined in minks aged five to six months. Subtyping based on nucleotide and amino acid sequence polymorphisms of the 60 kDa glycoprotein facilitated identification of three novel subtype families named as Xb to Xd for Cryptosporidium mink genotype. The presence of zoonotic C. canis, C. meleagridis, and Cryptosporidium mink genotype in captive-bred fur animals is of public health concerns. The findings expanded the host ranges of C. canis and C. meleagridis and confirmed genetic diversity at the subtype level in Cryptosporidium mink genotype. This is the first study reporting Cryptosporidium infections in foxes and raccoon dogs in China. |
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