Giardiasis in NSW: Identification of Giardia duodenalis assemblages contributing to human and cattle cases,and an epidemiological assessment of sporadic human giardiasis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;2. Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;3. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;4. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;5. Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran;6. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran;1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;2. Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;4. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;5. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;6. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;7. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran;8. Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran;9. Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran;10. Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;1. Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Two genetic assemblages (A and B) of the protozoan parasite species, Giardia duodenalis, infect humans, domestic animals and wildlife. In New South Wales, Australia, over 2000 sporadic human giardiasis cases are reported annually, but parasite sources and links between sporadic cases are unknown. This study describes G. duodenalis assemblages contributing to human and cattle cases in NSW, and examines demographic, spatial, and temporal distributions of NSW human infections and G. duodenalis assemblages. Genotyping by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene identified G. duodenalis assemblage B as the most common (86%) cause of infection among human cases (n = 165). Approximately 37% of cattle DNA samples were PCR positive (18S rRNA, gdh), and G. duodenalis assemblages E (69%) or B (31%) were identified from these samples. Human assemblage A was more common among older age groups, and seasonality in the geographic dispersal of human assemblage A was observed. The results of this study indicate G. duodenalis assemblage B is highly prevalent among humans in NSW, and the potential for cross-species transmission exists between humans and cattle in this region. Spatio-temporal and demographic distributions of human assemblage A and B are highlighted, and risk factors associated with these dispersal patterns warrants further research. |
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