2017-2019年湖北省病毒性腹泻监测病原学与流行病学分析

目的了解湖北病毒性腹泻病原体的病原构成和流行特征。方法收集2017—2019年湖北病毒性腹泻哨点监测的成人和儿童腹泻患者粪便标本,采用Real-time RT-PCR方法检测轮状病毒、诺如病毒、腺病毒、星状病毒和札如病毒核酸,对5种病原体检测结果进行统计学分析。结果1957份标本中5种腹泻病毒总的阳性检出率为36.84%,混合感染的病例数占19.00%,其中轮状病毒9.50%、诺如病毒13.29%、星状病毒4.14%、腺病毒14.10%和札如病毒3.37%。湖北轮状病毒和诺如病毒仍以秋冬季为主要流行季节,腺病毒和星状病毒流行季节相似,主要流行季节在4~5月,而札如病毒在11月和次年1月感染率较高。5种腹泻病毒的主要感染人群仍为5岁及以下儿童,显著高于其他年龄组。结论湖北2017—2019年病毒性腹泻主要病原体为腺病毒、诺如病毒和轮状病毒,存在一定的混合感染。应加强主要病原体的监测,做好高发季节和重点人群有效科学的防护。

Etiological and epidemiological analysis of viral diarrhea surveillance in Hubei Province in 2017-2019

Objective To understand the pathogen composition and epidemic characteristics of viral diarrhea in Hubei province.Methods Stool samples of adults and children from sentinel monitoring of viral diarrhea in Hubei province from 2017 to 2019 were collected.Real-time RT-PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acids of rotavirus,norovirus,adenovirus,astrovirus and sapovirus.The detection results of the 5 pathogens were statistically analyzed.Results The total positive rate of 5 diarrheal viruses in 1957 samples was 36.84%,and the number of cases of mixed infection accounted for 19.00%,among which rotavirus accounted for 9.50%,norovirus 13.29%,astrovirus 4.14%,adenovirus 14.10%and sapovirus 3.37%.In Hubei province,rotavirus and norovirus were still prevalent in autumn and winter.The epidemic seasons of adenovirus and astrovirus were similar,mainly occurring in April and May,while the infection rate of sapovirus was relatively high in November and January of the following year.The main infected population of the five diarrheal viruses was still children aged 5 years and younger,which was significantly higher than other age groups.Conclusion The main pathogens of viral diarrhea in Hubei from 2017 to 2019 are adenovirus,norovirus and rotavirus,and there are some mixed infections.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of major pathogens and take effective and scientific protection measures for high incidence seasons and key populations.