绍兴市两所中学学生膳食营养调查及评价

目的]了解绍兴市初中生膳食及营养现状,为改善学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法]通过膳食调查计算每人每日能量和营养素摄入量;用身高标准体重法评价学生一般营养状况;通过血红蛋白测量判断贫血情况。结果]平均每人每日热能、蛋白质、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素E、钠、铜、磷、硒、碘的摄入量基本达到RNI,但膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素C及钙的摄入量不足,碳水化合物偏低,而脂肪摄入量偏高。学生中营养不良率为19.00%,肥胖率为12.97%,贫血率为6.42%。结论]绍兴市初中生膳食结构不尽合理,动物性食物摄入过高而豆类、果蔬类及乳类食品摄入过低。群体中存在肥胖和营养不足同时高发的“双峰”现象。

A DIETARY SURVEY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS APPRAISAL OF STUDENTS IN TWO JUNIOR SCHOOLS IN SHAOXING

Objective] To study the dietary constituents and evaluate the nutritional status of students in junior schools in ShaoXing, provide scientific evidences for improvement of the nutritional status of the students. Methods] Daily intake of energy and nutrients of a person was calculated by dietary survey, the method of weight-for-height standard was used to judge the ordinary ndtritional status. The rate of anemia was assessed by hemoglobin test. Results] The daily intakes of energv protein, VitC, riboflavin, niacin, VitE, natrium, copper, phosphorus, selenium and iodine met the requinnents of RNI, but dietary fibre, VitA, VitC and calcium were inadequate according to the RNI. The dicta,T contained superfluous fat, but the carbohydrate did not meet the requirment of the standard. The rates of malnutrition and obesity were 19.00% and 12.97% respectively. The rate of anemia was 6.42%. Conclusions] The dietary constituent of junior school students in Shaoxing is unreasonable, the intake of animal food is superfluous, but the intake of pulses, fruits, vegetables and milk are inadequate. For students in junior schools, the proportions of malnutrition and obesity are both high.