高度近视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度的相关因素分析

目的：探讨黄斑区视网膜厚度与屈光度、主导眼、眼轴长度的关系。 方法：入选高度近视组患者128例180眼，其中主导眼79眼，非主导眼101眼，应用OCT测量黄斑区及周围视网膜厚度及应用A超测量眼轴长度，另设正视眼组112人180眼，其中主导眼106眼，非主导眼74眼作为对照，获得数据进行统计学分析。 结果：高度近视患者的平均眼轴长度29.57依1.57 mm与正常组患者的平均眼轴长度（24.13依0.90mm）相比显著延长（P〈0.05）。眼轴长度与黄斑中心凹内环区（距黄斑中心凹1～3mm区）上方（ S1）、下方（ I1）、颞侧（ T1）及黄斑中心凹外环区（距黄斑中心凹3～6mm区）上方（ S2）、下方（I2）、鼻侧（N2）、颞侧（T2）视网膜厚度存在相关性，与黄斑中心区及黄斑中心凹内环区鼻侧（ N1）视网膜厚度无相关性。高度近视眼组黄斑中心区及各个分区均较正视眼组明显变薄（P〈0.05）。高度近视主导眼与非主导眼黄斑区视网膜厚度相比，无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）。 结论：高度近视患者黄斑区视网膜厚度OCT的检测值低于正视眼组。高度近视组眼轴长度与黄斑区上方（ S1）、下方（I1）、颞侧（T1）、上方（S2）、下方（I2）、鼻侧（N2）、颞侧（ T2）视网膜厚度存在负相关关系。高度近视眼中主导眼黄斑区视网膜厚度与非主导眼黄斑区视网膜厚度无差异性。

Analysis of related factors of macular retinal thickness in high myopia

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the macular retinal thickness and diopter, dominant eye, axial length.

METHODS: Totally 128 patients with high myopia group 180 eyes were selected, including the dominant eye in 79 eyes, the non dominant eye in 101 eyes. OCT was applied to measure macular and peripheral retinal thickness and A-mode ultrasonic diagnostic equipment to axial length. Another 112 patients with emmetropia group in 180 eyes, including the dominant eye in 106 eyes and the non dominant eye in 74 eyes served as control. Obtained data were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The average length of ocular axis in patients with high myopia(29.57±1.57)mm were significantly prolonged, compared with the mean axial length in normal group(24.13±0.90)mm(P<0.05). The length of ocular axis and the retinal thickness of foveal inner ring area(from the foveal region of 1-3mm)above(S₁), below(I₁), temporal(T₁)and foveal outer ring area(from the foveal region of 3-6mm)above(S₂), below(I₂), nasal(N₂), temporal(T₂)existed correlation, while there was no correlation with macular central and nasal foveal inner ring area(N₁)retinal thickness. The retinal thickness of macular central area and each partition in high myopia group were obviously thinner than emmetropia group(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance(P>0.05)between dominant and non dominant eye macular retinal thickness in high myopia.

CONCLUSION: The detected values of high myopia macular retinal thickness by OCT are lower than emmetropia group. There is a negative correlation between the ocular axial length and macular retinal thickness above(S₁), below(I₁), temporal(T₁), above(S₂), below(I₂), nasal(N₂), temporal(T₂)with high myopia. Ocular dominance and non dominant eye macular retinal thickness with high myopia have no obviously difference.