呼吸内科痰液标本中的病原菌特性与抗菌药物的使用浅析

目的了解来我院呼吸内科就诊患者痰液中病原菌特征及耐药性情况,为临床经验治疗方案提供依据。方法无菌方法采集我院住院患者及门诊病人的痰液标本,分析其病原菌的特征及耐药情况,并结合呼吸内科经验治疗及抗菌药物的使用情况进行讨论。结果一年内共检出我院呼吸内科患者感染病原菌631株,其中革兰阴性菌278株(44.06%),革兰阳性菌35株(5.55%),真菌有318株(50.39%),头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和亚胺培南对革兰阴性菌总敏感率最高;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素高度敏感,为100%,其次是呋喃妥因、氯霉素;真菌对依特拉康唑、酮康唑及两性霉素B敏感。结论 2011～2012年我院呼吸内科使用的抗菌药物基本符合感染致病菌的药敏结果。

Analysis of characteristics of infectious pathogen in the respiratory department and use of antibacterials

Objective To investigate the characteristics of infectious pathogen and its drug resistance in the department of respira- tory so as to provide clinical information for rational use of antibacterial drugs. Methods The sputum samples of inpatients May, 2011 to May, 2012 were collected by aseptic method to analyze the characteristics of infectious pathogen and its drug resistance. Results 631 strains of infectious pathogen were detected, which included 278 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 35 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, and 318 strains of fungus. Those bacteria showed a high resistance to cefepime, cefoperazone, sulbactam, and imipcncm. Gram-positive bacteria showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and tcieoplanin, followed by nitrofurantion and chloromycetin. Fungus were sensitive to itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin. Conclusion The use of antimierobial drugs is basically consistent with the results of infec- tious pathogen in the respiratory department of our hospital from 2011 to 2012.