小儿下呼吸道感染中卡他莫拉菌的分离特点与耐药性分析

目的 了解小儿卡他莫拉菌感染的临床特点、耐药性及预后,指导合理用药.方法 对重庆市儿童医院10 442 例下呼吸道感染(lower respiratory infection, LRI)患儿进行痰培养;对分离出的卡他莫拉菌行药敏试验及β-内酰胺酶检测,并分析其临床特点与预后;同时检测其他呼吸道病原.结果 卡他莫拉菌感染多见于婴幼儿,常见合并其他病原感染;该菌冬季分离率最高;β-内酰胺酶阳性率为63.4%,其中对氨苄西林及复方新诺明的耐药率分别为46.2%和43.4%,对头孢类及含酶抑制剂的抗生素耐药率不超过5.0%;临床治疗较顺利.结论 小儿LRI中卡他莫拉菌的感染与年龄、季节有关,产β-内酰胺酶率较低,对氨苄西林的耐药率居第一,应对其耐药性及产酶率进行连续监测,提供合理用药依据.

Clinical features and drug resistance of Moraxella Catarrhalis in children with lower respiratory infections in Chongqing

Objective To explore the clinical features, drug resistance and prognosis of moraxella catarrhalis infection in order to guide the rational administration. Methods Sputum from 10 442 children with lower respiratory infection in our hospital were cultured. Susceptibility test and beta-lactamase were carried out to isolated moraxella catarrhalis. Then clinical features and prognosis of the infection were analyzed. Other respiratory pathogens were detected. Results Moraxella catarrhalis infection were popular in infants, frequently accompanied with other pathogens, and the germ was commonly isolated in winter. Its beta-lactamase positive rate was 63.4%. And its drug resistance rate to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole, were 46.2% and 43.4% respectively, and to oxef and enzyme inhibitor containing antibiotics were less than 5.0%. Conclusion The infection of moraxella catarrhalis in children with respiratory infection is closely related with season and age. Its beta-lactamase positive rate is low. The rate of drug resistance to ampicillin is high. It is necessary for us to mo nitoring drug resistance and beta-lactamase positive rate of moraxella catarrhalis to guide the rational administration.