围绝经期护士健康状况调查

目的探讨综合医院围绝经期护士生理和心理健康现状,为该群体人员健康保健提供参考。方法采用统一自拟的调查问卷,对某综合医院年龄40—55岁的220名护士进行问卷调查。结果共发放220份问卷,回收有效问卷208份,有效回收率为94．55％。共有来自43个工作岗位的208名护士完成了调查,围绝经期症状发生率为65．87％,妇科疾病、乳腺疾病、负面情绪和慢性疾病的发生比例分别是43．27％,48．07％,31．25％,29．33％;内、外科护士的负面情绪比例（23．55％比7．69％）差异有统计学意义（χ2=4．559,P〈0．05）,而门诊和病房护士的负面情绪比例差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;46人（22．12％）面临至少一种可能干扰情绪的社会因素（如经济、家庭、婚姻）,但未证明以上因素与负面情绪发生率直接的关联性（P=0．1913）;有慢性疾病的护士,高血压病、糖尿病和骨质疏松症接受相关药物治疗的比例分别仅有30．77％,14．29％,6．67％。结论围绝经期护士同时面临生理、心理（情绪）和社会方面的问题和压力,应该通过健康教育、合理的岗位轮换和心理干预等,提高她们的身心健康水平。

Investigation of health status of perimenopausal nurses

Objective To investigate the physiological and psychological health status of perimenopausal nurses to provide health care guidance to the group. Methods 220 nurses aged between 40 to 55 years old were survey with a uniformed self-desigued questionnaire. Results 208 （94. 55% ） of valid questionnire were received, including nurses from 43 sections in the hospital. The incidence of perimenopausal syndrome is 65.87%. The incidence of gynecological diseases, breast diseases, negative emotions and chronic diseases are 43.27%, 48.07% , 31.25% and 29. 33% respectively. There are significant difference in negative emotions between nurses working at department of internal medicine and surgical medicine （23.55% vs 7.69% ;χ2 =4.559, P 〈 0.05 ）; No significant difference was found between nurses working at the outpatient and in-patient departments. 46 （22.12%） nurses face at least one social factor （such as economics, family, and marriage） that may interfere with the emotion. However, there was no evidence to show that the above factors have a significant direct correlation with the negative emotions （ P = 0. 1913 ）. 30.77%, 14.29% and 6.67% of nurses with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and osteoporosis respectively accepted medical treatment. Conclusions Perimenopausal nurses face physical, psychological （emotional） and social pressures. Health education, reasonable rotations and psychological intervention should be applied to improve the physical and mental health of the perimenopausal nurses.