用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测甲醛对小鼠睾丸细胞的DNA损伤

背景与目的：研究甲醛对离体和体内小鼠睾丸细胞DNA的损伤作用。材料与方法：以6、30、60、120 μmol/L甲醛浓度处理离体小鼠睾丸生精细胞，以0.2、2、20 mg/kg的甲醛腹腔暴露小鼠，利用单细胞凝胶电泳检测睾丸生精细胞DNA的损伤作用。结果：甲醛在6μmol/L时就可以使小鼠离体睾丸细胞产生DNA损伤，与阴性对照不同 (除 tail moment外)，并随浓度增加DNA迁移也相应增加，到30 μmol/L时DNA损伤最为明显，但随浓度升高DNA迁移反而减少，当甲醛浓度为120 μmol/L时DNA迁移与阴性对照相似。腹腔注射0.2、2 mg/kg的甲醛组小鼠睾丸细胞DNA迁移高于对照组，0.2 mg/kg组DNA迁移最为明显。 结论：甲醛对小鼠睾丸细胞具有遗传性损伤，低剂量时是以细胞DNA断裂损伤为主，而高剂量时可能引起其他方式的损伤。

Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis/Comet Assay for Detecting the DNA Damage Effect of Formaldehyde to Mouse Testicular Cell in Vivo and in Vitro

BACKGROUND ＆ AIM: To study the DNA damage effect of formaldehyde to mouse testicular cell in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mice testicular cell was exposed to 6 ,30 ,60 ,120 μmol/L dose of formaldehye in vitro, and to 0.2 ,2, 20 mg/kg dose of formaldehyde five days by intraperitoneal injection.The single cell gel electrophoresis was used to detect the DNA damage. RESULTS :In vitro the DNA migration in group of 6 μmol/L dose obviously showed the significant damage to testicular cell DNA.30 μmol/L group have the most pronounced. But the damaging effect when dose increased, DNA migration decreased by contraries . In the highest dose group (120 μmol/L) there was no significance effect comparing to the concurrent negative control (P>0.05).In vivo the 0.2 and 2 mg/kg groups had the statisticsignificance against the concurrent control (P<0.01 ),especially the 0.2 mg/kg group . CONCLUSION: Formaldehyde is genotoxic to mouse testicular cell . DNA strand break is the primary DNA damage in low dose.