The last breath. The decision to ventilate patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or not

Three patients, a 74-year-old man and 2 women aged 40 and 58 years, were admitted to the hospital on a number of occasions due to respiratory insufficiency as a result of progressive debilitating COPD. Weaning from mechanical ventilation became increasingly difficult. Therefore, in two patients it was eventually decided not to apply mechanical ventilation again; they died after the next COPD exacerbation. The 40-year-old woman was eligible for a lung transplant and was placed on the waiting list for this procedure. The decision to mechanically ventilate patients with severe COPD and respiratory insufficiency is fraught with therapeutical, emotional and ethical dilemma. Objective criteria indicating a poor outcome in mechanically ventilated patients with severe COPD are: a forced expiratory volume in one second lower than 700 ml, being housebound, advanced age, cardiac comorbidity, and a low serum albumin concentration prior to mechanical ventilation. Since subjective criteria such as the patient's own wishes should also be considered, a policy is advocated in which the consultant pulmonologist regularly evaluates the available data and communicates the feasibility of mechanical ventilation.