Horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular and cervico-ocular reflexes in the monkey during high frequency rotation

In the alert monkey the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is basically compensatory over the range of 0.5 to 6 Hz with a gain near unity, and with the phase of the compensatory eye position having a minimal lag with respect to head position. Typical frequency-dependent eye movement patterns were observed. Vertical VOR is also compensatory having the same phase relations but with a reduced gain (-2.5 to -3.7 dB). In this range, vestibular input appears to be the predominant sensory influence on reflex eye movements. Additional optokinetic reflexes do not improve the VOR above 0.5 Hz. The horizontal cervico-ocular reflex (COR) is minimal or absent in normal monkeys.