早产主要因素及对早产儿的影响(附285例临床分析)

目的：探讨早产主要因素及对早产儿的影响。方法：回顾性分析285例早产的主要高危因素，将其分为阴式分娩组和剖宫产组，对不同原因所致早产儿的预后作分析比较。结果：胎膜早破、多胎妊娠及妊高征是引起早产的主要因素；胎龄小死亡率明显增高，特别是胎龄＜32周者；剖宫产组和阴式分娩组中早产儿的存活率及发病率（尤其是颅内出血）有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：早产是新生儿发病和死亡的主要原因，窒息及颅内出血是早产儿死亡的主要原因，早产不是剖宫产的禁忌证。

Main factors of premature delivery and their effects on the infants in 285 cases

Objective To discuss the main risk factors of premature delivery and their effects on the infants.Methods To study the main risk factors we collected 285 cases of premature delivery,divided them to caesarean section group and vaginal delivery group,and analysed the prognosis of the prematurity for different causes.Results Premature rupture of membrane,multiple pregnancy and pregnancy induced hypertension were the main risk factors of premature delivery;mortality of prematurity increased with the decrease of the gestational age especially less than 32 weeks; the mortality and morbidity(especially intracranial hemorrhage)of two groups were significantly different(P<0 05).Conclusion Premature delivery is the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality,asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage are the main causes of neonate death,premature delivery is not the contraindication of caesarean section.