我国突发公共卫生事件预警机制建设现状

预防和控制突发公共卫生事件最关键是及时、迅速地发现突发事件的先兆,起到预警作用。预警是在考虑了资料的不完全性和危害的不确定性之后,在有必要采取措施的地方进行危害警告的方法,将突发事件的危害降低到最小。预警系统是由信息来源系统、预警监测指标体系、信息收集、分析、反馈与报警系统和预警反应措施四大框架组成。我国预警机制建设已有了初步进展,基本做到县及以上医疗卫生机构网络直报,建立了信息相互通报的机制,增加了疫情信息的透明度,初步探讨传染病的预警界值等,但仍存在认识不到位、预警指标体系和网络不健全、监测报告系统反应速度慢、公共卫生投入不足、预警反应措施不健全等问题。预警机制建设的发展趋势是建立功能完善的监测报告系统;优化预警系统的资源配置,完善预警反应措施;建立垂直的公共卫生服务体系的问责制。

The status of forecasting system on emergency public health events in China

It is important to prevent and control the foreboding when emerging public health issue happenes.After taking immaturity of information and determinateness of harmfulness into account,it still needs to take necessary actions on minimize the harmfulness of emerging issue.Early warning system is made up of the source of surveillance information,early warning surveillance index system,collecting,analyzing,feedback and warning system,early warning corresponsive measures.At present,early warning mechanism has got primary progress,such as network direct reporting from hospital and other medical organizations in county and above,mutual information reporting mechanism,increased transparence on epidemic situation,primary study on early warning critical value about epidemical disease and so on.Lacking of understanding and fund,distemperedness of warning index system and network,slow response of surveillance reporting system still exist.It is suggested that the trend of early warning mechanism is to establish perfect surveillance reporting system,optimizing resource configuration of early warning system,consummate early warning response measures,establish vertical asking-duty mechanism in public health service system.