Racial differences in employment outcomes after traumatic brain injury |
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Authors: | Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos Ketchum Jessica M Williams Kelli Kreutzer Jeffrey S Marquez de la Plata Carlos D O'Neil-Pirozzi Therese M Wehman Paul |
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Institution: | a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA b Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA c Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX d Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA e Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. |
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Abstract: | Arango-Lasprilla JC, Ketchum JM, Williams K, Kreutzer JS, Marquez de la Plata CD, O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, Wehman P. Racial differences in employment outcomes after traumatic brain injury.ObjectiveTo examine racial differences in employment status and occupational status 1 year after a traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignRetrospective study.SettingLongitudinal dataset of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database.ParticipantsSubjects with primarily moderate to severe TBI (3468 whites vs 1791 minorities) hospitalized between 1989 and 2005.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresEmployment status (competitively employed or unemployed) and occupational status (professional/managerial, skilled, or manual labor) at 1 year postinjury.ResultsRace and/or ethnicity has a significant effect on employment status at 1 year postinjury ( =58.23, P<.001), after adjusting for preinjury employment status, sex, Disability Rating Scale at discharge, marital status, cause of injury, age, and education. The adjusted odds of being unemployed versus competitively employed are 2.17 times (95% confidence interval, 1.78-2.65) greater for minorities than for whites. Race and ethnicity does not have a significant effect on occupational status at 1 year postinjury.ConclusionsWith this empirical evidence supporting racial differences in employment outcomes between minorities and whites at 1 year postinjury, priority should be given to tailoring interventions to maximize minority survivors' work-related productivity. |
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Keywords: | Brain injuries Employment Outcomes research Race Rehabilitation |
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