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Testosterone deficiency and risk factors in the metabolic syndrome: implications for erectile dysfunction |
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| Authors: | Guay Andre T Traish Abdulmaged |
| Institution: | a Center for Sexual Function/Department of Endocrinology, Lahey Clinic, Northshore One Essex Center Drive, Peabody, MA 01960, USA b Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA c Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, A502, Boston, MA 02118, USA d Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, A502, Boston, MA 02118, USA |
| Abstract: | The most common cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) is penile vascular insufficiency. This is usually part of a generalized endothelial dysfunction and is related to several conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. These conditions underlie the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hypogonadism, or testosterone deficiency (TD), is an integral component of the pathology underlying endothelial dysfunction and MetS, with insulin resistance (IR) at its core. Testosterone replacement therapy for TD has been shown to ameliorate some of the components of the MetS, improve IR, and may serve as treatment for decreasing cardiovascular and ED risk. |
| Keywords: | Hypogonadism Metabolic syndrome Endothelial dysfunction Erectile dysfunction Testosterone |
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