儿童期与青少年期起病的精神分裂症临床比较

目的：了解儿童期起病和青少年期起病精神分裂症临床特征及差异。方法：儿童期起病26例（儿童组），青少年期起病68例（青少年组）;采用自编临床资料调查表对患者家属进行调查;采用病前适应性量表（PAS）对患者病前心理社会适应情况进行评定。结果：两组患者父母的生育年龄比较差异无显著性（t=-0.519，P〉0.05）;青少年组出现思维内容障碍64例（94.1%）明显高于儿童组18例（69.2%），两组比较差异有显著性（χ^2=10.461，P〈0.05）;儿童组男性在同伴关系、学校适应性及PAS总分上均显著高于同组的女性（P均〈0.05）;青少年组男性在学业成绩上显著高于同组女性（t=2.548，P〈0.05）。儿童组男性学校适应能力较青少年组男性显著为差（P〈0.05）。有家族史的两组男性在同伴关系上差异有显著性（t=3.873，P〈0.05）。结论：早发型精神分裂症中思维内容障碍、心理社会适应不良与起病年龄有关。

Comparison of clinical feature between child onset schizophrenia and adolescent onset schizophrenia

Objective ：To investigate the clinical features and their differences between child onset schizophrenia （COS） and adolescent onset schizophrenia （AOS）. Method：26 patients with child onset schizophrenia and 68 patients with adolescent onset schizophrenia were evaluated with premorbid adjustment scale （PAS） and self-made clinical investigation for patients＇relatives. Results：There was no significant difference in age of giving birth to children for parents of the two group patients （ t = - 0.519,P 〉 0.05 ）. The patients in AOS group had significantly more thought content disorder （64, 94.1% ）, compared with COS group （18, 69.2% ） （X2 = 10.461 ,P 〈0.05）. As for the score of PAS, male patients in COS group had higher score in items of company relationship, school adaptation and the total PAS score, compared with female patients of the same group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. And male patients in AOS group had higher score in the item of achievement compared with the same group （ t = 2. 548, P 〈 0.05 ）. The score of school adaptation item in male patients of COS group was higher than male patients of AOS group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was significant difference in score of company re- lationship item in male patients with positive family history for the both groups （ t = 3. 873,P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion： The symptoms of thought content disorder and bad psychosocial adaptation in early onset schizophrenia were related to the onset age.