陕西两县4~6年级学生家庭教养方式调查

目的 对陕西关中澄城、白水两贫困县小学高年级儿童的教养方式进行抽样调查研究,为儿童健康成长提供参考依据.方法 采用随机抽样方法,西安交通大学第二附属医院于2016年5月选取两县共4所小学4~6年级944名学生,用程灶火编制的"家庭教养方式问卷"对研究对象进行调查,并对结果进行分析.结果 在父亲和母亲教养方式中,不同性别儿童在激励-惩罚维度得分上差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.491、3.143,均P<0.05);不同年级学生在尊重-羞辱、宽容-放纵、管教-控制维度上的得分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.589、4.100、11.300,均P<0.05);不同家庭经济状况儿童在民主-独裁、关心-袒护、宽容-放纵、管教-控制和期望-苛求维度得分上差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为14.830、6.996、3.693、12.600、13.200,均P<0.05);不同文化程度的儿童在管教-控制、期望-苛求维度得分上差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为4.960、6.230,均P<0.05);不同家庭类型儿童母亲教养方式各维度得分之间无差异,但父亲教养方式在温情-粗暴维度得分上差异有统计学意义(F=3.470,P=0.016).结论 陕西关中两贫困县家庭在养育儿童中存在消极的教养方式,同时也有条件教养方式,应该引起学龄儿童家长们的重视,也应该开展在家长中教养方式的宣教工作.

Investigation on family upbringing styles of grade 4-6 schoolchildren in two counties in Shaanxi Province

Objective To investigate the family upbringing styles of high grade schoolchildren in poor Chengcheng and Baishui counties in central Shaanxi Province with samples so as to provide reference for healthy growth of children.Methods By random sampling, 944 students of grade 4-6 in 4 primary schools in central Shaanxi plain were collected by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ' an Jiaotong University in May in 2016, and they were investigated by Family Upbring Style Questionaire (FUSQ) to analyze.Results Among parents upbringing styles, there were differences in scores of award-penalty (t value was 3.491 and 3.143, respectively, both P<0.05) in different sexes.The differences in scores of respect-shame, tolerant-acolasia, discipline-control were statistically significant ( t value was 8.589, 4.100 and 11.300, respectively, all P<0.05) in different grades.There were statistically differences in scores of democracy-dictatorship, attention-shield, tolerant-acolasia, discipline-control and expect-exaction (F value was 14.830, 6.996, 3.693, 12.600 and 13.200, respectively, all P<0.05) among families with different income.In different culture levels of parents, there were statistically differences in scores of discipline-control and expect-exaction (F value was 4.960 and 6.230,respectively, both P<0.05).No difference existed among different family types in mother' upbringing style, but there was statistically differences in scores of warmth-rude in father' upbringing style (F=3.470, P=0.016).Conclusion The negative and conditioned family upbringing styles are general in families in two poor counties of central Shaanxi Province.It is should attract attention from parents of school-age children and propaganda and education of appropriate family upbringing styles must be developed among parents.